The global expansion of mobile communication technologies has increased exposure to 

radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‑EMF). Although RF radiation is categorized as 

non‑ionizing, growing experimental evidence suggests that prolonged exposure may influence 

biological systems through oxidative stress mechanisms (Dasdag & Akdag, 2016; Yakymenko 

et al., 2016). This study presents a literature‑based experimental model evaluating potential 

hematological and oxidative responses to chronic RF‑EMF exposure. Modeled data were 

derived from previously published experimental investigations examining mobile phone 

radiation in the 900–1800 MHz frequency range (Wang & Zhang, 2017; Kıvrak et al., 2017). 

Simulated exposure conditions included 6 hours of daily radiation for 60 consecutive days. 

Modeled results indicate reductions in erythrocyte indices and increased leukocyte counts, 

accompanied by elevated lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased 

antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). 

These patterns are consistent with mechanisms previously reported in experimental RF‑EMF 

studies (Zothansiama et al., 2017; Henschenmacher et al., 2022) and support oxidative 

imbalance as a central pathway underlying biological interaction with radiofrequency 

radiation.

Abstract:

This research examines the perspectives of faculty members at the College

of Education in Derj regarding the characteristics of an effective

examination and their manifestation in their actual evaluation methods. A

quantitative methodology was employed to collect data from 18 faculty

members at the College of Education, Derj, via a structured questionnaire

focusing on three areas: understanding effective test characteristics,

practices in test design and modification, and overall assessment methods.

We employed an extreme-groups comparison to assess discriminant

validity, along with Cronbach's alpha and a split-half strategy to evaluate

reliability, ensuring that the instrument was of high quality. Descriptive data

show that faculty members overwhelmingly agreed with fundamental

quality requirements, particularly linguistic clarity, validity, fairness,

reliability, and the use of assessments for feedback. However, the quality

assurance procedures that were more about practice were not always

followed, especially when it came to testing items and using peer review or

moderation for exam papers. Teachers also stated that they felt a lot of

pressure to ensure that many students pass, which could influence how

difficult and challenging the items are. The results indicate that individuals

are highly aware of the quality of tests. However, institutions need to take

further action to ensure that everyday practices promoting fairness and

legitimacy in exams are strengthened. The paper believes that college tests

could be better if there were easier ways to moderate them, more usage of

test designs, and better ways to solicit feedback.

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause abortion (Q fever) in ruminants and is a zoonotic disease. The current study reported the first confirmed detection of C. burnetii in sheep in Libya using real-time polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt analysis.

Case Description:

Two flocks of sheep suffered abortion, with the aborted fetuses varying in age from early to late term. Vaginal swabs were collected, and DNA was extracted. DNA samples were analyzed using real-time PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and the results showed infection with the zoonotic Q fever caused by C. burnetii. The animals responded to treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin, and the abortion was stopped after treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Artemisia herba alba extracts (aqueous, alcoholic and essential oil) on

antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In which four types were tested, namely Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, using the diffusion disk method and

concentrations (100, 200, 300 mg/ml) for the aqueous and alcoholic extract, while the essential oil was used in

its pure form. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed for the essential oil of plant with an inhibition

diameter from 8.00±0.00 to 11.33±1.52 mm, and its aqueous extract effect on bacteria MRSA and S. epidermidis

was 8.66±1.52 and 8.33±0.57 mm, respectively, at 300 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract was

10.00±0.00 mm at 300 mg/ml for MRSA as for S. epidermidis at the same concentration had high inhibition

diameter 13.66±1.15 mm. Phytochemical screention of aqueous extract revealed the presence of phenols and

saponins, whereas, alcoholic extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The

chemical components of the essential oils were determined by GC-MS device. The main compounds of A. herba

alba were Camphor (30.527%), Thujone (22.471%) and Camphene (10.291%). These results suggest that

essential oil extract can be considered as a potential source of antibacterial compounds.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has recently been recognized in different parts of the world, even affecting healthy populations. The deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. No studies have been done in Gharyan city to evaluate the status of vitamin D among the population. So, this work aims to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the city, which is essential to maintaining the health of populations in general. This was a survey study conducted from September 2024 to December 2024, at some laboratories in the city: Alkama. Alnahda, Ayouser, Aldaka and Mashfa Gharyian. During the study period, 1718 analysis tests results of vitamin D were collected, classified to six groups according to age and characterized by measures of central tendency. The results showed that the age of the cases ranged from newborns to about 97 years, 30% males and 70 % females. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among female was more than males in all aged groups of the cases, about 62 % of the cases had low vitamin D levels (less than 30 ng/ml), the high level was 0.45% and 37% were at normal range. But the patients in categories 4, 5 had the highest number of cases. Spreading awareness among the population about the importance and vital role of the vitamin, explaining the risks of vitamin D deficiency and associated diseases among the population were recommended to reduce the Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Gharyan city

This study was conducted with students from the College of Education in Derj to determine their perceptions regarding tests and the criteria for an effective test. The study focused on students' perspectives due to their diverse experiences and ideas about examinations.

A questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students, and SPSS was used to analyze the responses received. The results indicated that most students prefer questions that are simple and easy to comprehend. Students found it easier to take tests when the questions were clear and concise. Students also emphasized the need for fairness and believed that tests should be based on the material that was actually taught in class.

Some students also stated that quizzes and homework were more important than just taking final examinations. Additionally, some participants reported that exam-related stress negatively affected their performance. In general, students preferred tests that helped them learn better rather than tests that focused only on achieving grades.