Background: Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, often linked to genetic mutations affecting pulmonary surfactant metabolism. Mutations in genes such as SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, ABCA3, and NKX2-1 have been implicated in surfactant dysfunction and IRDS pathogenesis. However, the functional consequences of many nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) remain poorly characterized. Objective: This study aims to identify and prioritize potentially deleterious nsSNPs in surfactant-associated genes using an integrated computational approach, providing insights into their structural and functional impacts for future experimental validation. Methods: We performed a comprehensive in silico analysis of rare missense variants (MAF < 1%) obtained from public databases (dbSNP, ClinVar, UniProt). Functional impact was predicted using SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Panther, and CADD. Protein stability changes were assessed using I-Mutant2.0 and MUpro. Evolutionary conservation was evaluated via ConSurf, and structural modeling was carried out with AlphaFold, SWISS-MODEL, PyMOL, and GROMACS to analyze RMSD and hydrogen bonding patterns. Results: Mutation frequency analysis revealed ABCA3 as the most variant-rich gene (n = 36,391), while SFTPD had the lowest mutation load (n = 4,646). Consensus prediction identified several high-risk nsSNPs, including R276W (SFTPB), V48M (SFTPC), G86E (SFTPA2), and P131T (SFTPD), consistently classified as damaging across tools. Protein stability analysis confirmed significant destabilization for R276W (SFTPB) and V48M (SFTPC). Structural modeling showed increased RMSD and reduced hydrogen bonds in variants such as G123V (SFTPA1) and G100S (SFTPC), indicating potential structural disruption. Highly conserved residues (ConSurf score ≥ 7), especially those involving glycine or proline substitutions, were more likely to be functionally critical. Conclusion: This comprehensive in silico analysis identifies several high-confidence deleterious nsSNPs that may contribute to surfactant dysfunction and IRDS pathogenesis. These findings offer valuable insights for future functional studies and may aid in the development of targeted genetic screening strategies for IRDS risk assessment.







Nowadays, using advanced structural materials such as preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) and fiber-reinforced preplaced aggregate concrete (FR-PAC) are widely investigated due to their benefits in designing infrastructures. Therefore, finding the mechanical characteristics of PAC and FR-PAC can be help structural engineers. This study explores the material characteristics, performance, and potential challenges associated with using PAC and FR-PAC, aiming to provide insights into their practical implementation and long-term benefits in construction. In addition, a superior estimation tool based on multi-target stacked machine-learning (ML) model was introduced to reduce the cost of experimental tests and increase the accuracy and speed of finding the best mixture for PAC and FR-PAC. Experimental tests were conducted to prepare unseen dataset to validate the general ability of the ML models. Results show that the proposed multi-target stacked ML models can estimate the compressive and tensile strengths of PAC specimens with an accuracy of 97.4% and 94.7%, respectively; however, for compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths FR-PAC specimens, the accuracy of 97.7%, 98.0% and 98.3%, were determined, respectively. The proposed predictive model was turned into a graphical user interface (GUI) with ability on predicting the mechanical properties of PAC and FR-PAC in different curing day, and updating the database in future.

In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) the applications of a multimedia system like video, audio broadcasting needs the path at which the data transmit might be reliable, delay-sensitive, and energy-efficient one. In addition, the delivery of information in vehicular networks (VANETs) is regarded as a demanding one because of high mobility and invariable topological difference. An existing routing protocol of ad hoc network fail to function better in terms of QoS metrics like packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay and so on., where there are heavy traffic and high mobility. So as to overcome the existing drawbacks, the proposed technique is implemented. In the proposed mechanism, the system model is initialized, and the route discovery process is carried by sending a route request. The multipath decision making (MPDM) scheme is employed to ensure the best route availability and the probability of link failure. Once the multipath decision-making condition is satisfied, the route path is established, and the communication takes place based on QoS constraint. Fuzzy based link monitoring scheme is employed to check the probability of link failure. Finally, the performance analysis is carried, and the comparison is made for proposed and existing mechanisms to prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Infectious diseases that involve hepatitis B (HBsAg), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and syphilis (VDRL) remain significant worldwide health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Libya serves as both a transit and destination point for migrants, creating a unique context for examining the prevalence of these disorders among migrant workers and Libyan citizens. Comprehending variations in illness prevalence based on nationality and employment is essential for formulating targeted public health interventions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and VDRL among migrant workers and Libyan nationals undergoing mandatory occupational health screenings. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Reference Laboratory, Western Mountain, Al-Rajban in Libya between December 2023 and February 2024. A total of 1,656 participants were assessed, including 1,434 migrant laborers and 223 Libyan natives. The VDRL test exhibited the greatest chance at 1.6%, followed by HBsAg at 1.4%, HCV at 0.9%, and HIV at 0.2%. Migrant workers had a greater prevalence of HBsAg at 1.6% and slightly elevated rates of HCV and HIV compared to Libyan residents, who reported no instances of these infections. Occupational research indicated that general workers had the largest disease burden, with statistically significant rates of HBsAg at 2.1%, HCV at 1.4%, and VDRL at 2.1%. Specialized workers had low illness rates, perhaps attributable to superior hygiene practices or underreporting. This research underscores the gap in infectious diseases between migrant workers and Libyan citizens, emphasizing the need for focused screening, enhanced workplace safety, and equitable access to preventive healthcare. The findings underscore the need for occupation-specific health interventions to mitigate risk, particularly for high-risk populations such as general laborers. Future research should include longitudinal studies and a larger sample size to validate these results and enhance global health equality.