Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause abortion (Q fever) in ruminants and is a zoonotic disease. The current study reported the first confirmed detection of C. burnetii in sheep in Libya using real-time polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt analysis.

Case Description:

Two flocks of sheep suffered abortion, with the aborted fetuses varying in age from early to late term. Vaginal swabs were collected, and DNA was extracted. DNA samples were analyzed using real-time PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and the results showed infection with the zoonotic Q fever caused by C. burnetii. The animals responded to treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin, and the abortion was stopped after treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Artemisia herba alba extracts (aqueous, alcoholic and essential oil) on

antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In which four types were tested, namely Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, using the diffusion disk method and

concentrations (100, 200, 300 mg/ml) for the aqueous and alcoholic extract, while the essential oil was used in

its pure form. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed for the essential oil of plant with an inhibition

diameter from 8.00±0.00 to 11.33±1.52 mm, and its aqueous extract effect on bacteria MRSA and S. epidermidis

was 8.66±1.52 and 8.33±0.57 mm, respectively, at 300 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract was

10.00±0.00 mm at 300 mg/ml for MRSA as for S. epidermidis at the same concentration had high inhibition

diameter 13.66±1.15 mm. Phytochemical screention of aqueous extract revealed the presence of phenols and

saponins, whereas, alcoholic extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The

chemical components of the essential oils were determined by GC-MS device. The main compounds of A. herba

alba were Camphor (30.527%), Thujone (22.471%) and Camphene (10.291%). These results suggest that

essential oil extract can be considered as a potential source of antibacterial compounds.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has recently been recognized in different parts of the world, even affecting healthy populations. The deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. No studies have been done in Gharyan city to evaluate the status of vitamin D among the population. So, this work aims to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the city, which is essential to maintaining the health of populations in general. This was a survey study conducted from September 2024 to December 2024, at some laboratories in the city: Alkama. Alnahda, Ayouser, Aldaka and Mashfa Gharyian. During the study period, 1718 analysis tests results of vitamin D were collected, classified to six groups according to age and characterized by measures of central tendency. The results showed that the age of the cases ranged from newborns to about 97 years, 30% males and 70 % females. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among female was more than males in all aged groups of the cases, about 62 % of the cases had low vitamin D levels (less than 30 ng/ml), the high level was 0.45% and 37% were at normal range. But the patients in categories 4, 5 had the highest number of cases. Spreading awareness among the population about the importance and vital role of the vitamin, explaining the risks of vitamin D deficiency and associated diseases among the population were recommended to reduce the Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Gharyan city

This study was conducted with students from the College of Education in Derj to determine their perceptions regarding tests and the criteria for an effective test. The study focused on students' perspectives due to their diverse experiences and ideas about examinations.

A questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students, and SPSS was used to analyze the responses received. The results indicated that most students prefer questions that are simple and easy to comprehend. Students found it easier to take tests when the questions were clear and concise. Students also emphasized the need for fairness and believed that tests should be based on the material that was actually taught in class.

Some students also stated that quizzes and homework were more important than just taking final examinations. Additionally, some participants reported that exam-related stress negatively affected their performance. In general, students preferred tests that helped them learn better rather than tests that focused only on achieving grades.

Abstract

Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure for various thyroid diseases. 

Despite advances in surgical techniques, postoperative hypocalcaemia remains one of the most 

frequent complications, particularly following total thyroidectomy.

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia and to 

evaluate its characteristics and outcomes among patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using thyroidectomy records from Benghazi 

Medical Center between 2010 and 2016. The study included patients operated on for non-toxic 

goiter, toxic goiter, recurrent goiter, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroid malignancy, and Graves’ 

disease. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 

23.0.

A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Postoperative hypocalcaemia occurred in 

27.7% of cases. The majority of patients were female, and hypocalcaemia was more common 

among women than men. Higher incidence rates were observed in patients who underwent total 

thyroidectomy and in those with retrosternal extension.

Postoperative hypocalcaemia remains a relatively common complication following 

thyroidectomy. Careful surgical technique and close postoperative monitoring of serum 

calcium levels are essential to reduce its incidence.

A highly efficient and accurate numerical method for systems of fractional differential equations (FDEs) with rational order is presented in this paper. Rational power functions and rational Taylor series projection are utilized to obtain approximate solutions. Rational semi-smooth spaces are introduced, and the regularity of solutions in these spaces is established. A series of theoretical results, such as the existence and uniqueness of solutions, properties of the rational Taylor series and its remainder term, and an operational matrix approach, are derived. It is proven that the numerical solution is exact when the exact solution is a rational power series, and the approximate solution is shown to be the rational Taylor series projection of the exact solution. The convergence of the method is analyzed. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical experiments, which show significant improvements in computational time compared to existing methods.

In the past few years, the area of mathematical study has made considerable advances, owing largely to the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Among these, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have played an important role in modernizing several mathematical techniques and problem-solving approaches. ANNs have recently become popular as a powerful mathematical research tool, providing an effective alternative to established approaches for solving fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs). This paper describes the use of a feed-forward ANN with a hidden layer to address systems resulting from the fractal-fractional Bagley-Torvik differential equation (FFBTDE). In addition, a power series (PS) technique is introduced to increase efficiency. The paper looks at for solving FFBTDE with variable and constant coefficients. The numerical findings show that the suggested strategy not only produces results that closely match exact and reference solutions, but also outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy.

This study investigates the perceptions of EFL faculty members at Libyan universities regarding the role of Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) in enhancing language skills. Despite the theoretical importance of WCF in second language acquisition, its practical implementation often faces various contextual challenges. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 50 EFL instructors across several Libyan universities. The findings reveal a high level of pedagogical commitment, with 96% of participants viewing WCF as a core teaching responsibility. However, a significant "belief-practice gap" was identified, as 66% of teachers lacked formal training in WCF, relying instead on personal experience. While teachers perceived a strong positive impact of WCF on reading and writing skills, logistical barriers—primarily time constraints (54%) and large class sizes (22%)—significantly hindered the quality of feedback. The study concludes with an urgent call for institutional professional development programs (demanded by 92% of the sample) and the adoption of more sustainable, selective feedback strategies to bridge the gap between teacher beliefs and classroom realities.

One of the main causes of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults worldwide is multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing absolute prevalences seen in recent epidemiological trends from 2021 to 2025, while age-standardized rates are stabilizing due to improved diagnostics, survival, and demographic shifts. The current narrative review's objective is to examine high-caliber studies conducted globally between 2021 and 2025 that address the epidemiology, burden, and different risk factors related to multiple sclerosis (MS), with an emphasis on the effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and other interacting factors. Key Findings: Global prevalence of~1.89 million cases in 2021 (age-standardized rate: 23.9 per 100,000), with ~62,000 new cases each year; female-to-male ratio of ~3:1. DALYs are up by 43% from 1990, but with a trend downward for age-standardized rates with advances in management. Incidence is framed by disparities with higher rates for Whites (77% of the U.S.) than Black (10%), followed by Hispanic (7%) cases, and also high levels of radiological severity, handicap, and poor outcomes for ethnic minorities of these groups. Age of peak incidence progresses to older groups for individuals aged 20-40 years. Genetic underpinnings with large effects (e.g., HLA-DRB1*15:01 for ~48% of heritability), strong susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection (near ubiquity at onset; 32-fold increase for molecular mimicry), vitamin D deficiency, smoking, obesity, and altered gut microbiomes are environmental components of risk. Incidence is seen to decline modestly for age-standardized incidence rates, mortality rates, and DALYs through 2035. From this review, the emphasis on MS as a partially preventable disease falls within the context of a rising absolute prevalence and existing inequities in the field. Future complementary strategies should therefore encompass a wide range of populations as well as risk modification measures such as EBV-related therapies and smoking cessation.