Nowadays, using advanced structural materials such as preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) and fiber-reinforced preplaced aggregate concrete (FR-PAC) are widely investigated due to their benefits in designing infrastructures. Therefore, finding the mechanical characteristics of PAC and FR-PAC can be help structural engineers. This study explores the material characteristics, performance, and potential challenges associated with using PAC and FR-PAC, aiming to provide insights into their practical implementation and long-term benefits in construction. In addition, a superior estimation tool based on multi-target stacked machine-learning (ML) model was introduced to reduce the cost of experimental tests and increase the accuracy and speed of finding the best mixture for PAC and FR-PAC. Experimental tests were conducted to prepare unseen dataset to validate the general ability of the ML models. Results show that the proposed multi-target stacked ML models can estimate the compressive and tensile strengths of PAC specimens with an accuracy of 97.4% and 94.7%, respectively; however, for compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths FR-PAC specimens, the accuracy of 97.7%, 98.0% and 98.3%, were determined, respectively. The proposed predictive model was turned into a graphical user interface (GUI) with ability on predicting the mechanical properties of PAC and FR-PAC in different curing day, and updating the database in future.

Infectious diseases that involve hepatitis B (HBsAg), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and syphilis (VDRL) remain significant worldwide health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Libya serves as both a transit and destination point for migrants, creating a unique context for examining the prevalence of these disorders among migrant workers and Libyan citizens. Comprehending variations in illness prevalence based on nationality and employment is essential for formulating targeted public health interventions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and VDRL among migrant workers and Libyan nationals undergoing mandatory occupational health screenings. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Reference Laboratory, Western Mountain, Al-Rajban in Libya between December 2023 and February 2024. A total of 1,656 participants were assessed, including 1,434 migrant laborers and 223 Libyan natives. The VDRL test exhibited the greatest chance at 1.6%, followed by HBsAg at 1.4%, HCV at 0.9%, and HIV at 0.2%. Migrant workers had a greater prevalence of HBsAg at 1.6% and slightly elevated rates of HCV and HIV compared to Libyan residents, who reported no instances of these infections. Occupational research indicated that general workers had the largest disease burden, with statistically significant rates of HBsAg at 2.1%, HCV at 1.4%, and VDRL at 2.1%. Specialized workers had low illness rates, perhaps attributable to superior hygiene practices or underreporting. This research underscores the gap in infectious diseases between migrant workers and Libyan citizens, emphasizing the need for focused screening, enhanced workplace safety, and equitable access to preventive healthcare. The findings underscore the need for occupation-specific health interventions to mitigate risk, particularly for high-risk populations such as general laborers. Future research should include longitudinal studies and a larger sample size to validate these results and enhance global health equality.

In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) the applications of a multimedia system like video, audio broadcasting needs the path at which the data transmit might be reliable, delay-sensitive, and energy-efficient one. In addition, the delivery of information in vehicular networks (VANETs) is regarded as a demanding one because of high mobility and invariable topological difference. An existing routing protocol of ad hoc network fail to function better in terms of QoS metrics like packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay and so on., where there are heavy traffic and high mobility. So as to overcome the existing drawbacks, the proposed technique is implemented. In the proposed mechanism, the system model is initialized, and the route discovery process is carried by sending a route request. The multipath decision making (MPDM) scheme is employed to ensure the best route availability and the probability of link failure. Once the multipath decision-making condition is satisfied, the route path is established, and the communication takes place based on QoS constraint. Fuzzy based link monitoring scheme is employed to check the probability of link failure. Finally, the performance analysis is carried, and the comparison is made for proposed and existing mechanisms to prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Myiasis, the invasion of tissues by fly larvae, is a considerable but overlooked public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. The frequency of myiasis in North Africa is affected by geographic, climatic, and socioeconomic variables; yet, there is a paucity of comprehensive information about its treatment across the area. Regional disparities in healthcare infrastructure, cultural customs, and interruptions due to war exacerbate the challenges in addressing this neglected tropical disease (NTD). The goal of this systematic review is to look at differences in how myiasis is treated in different parts of North Africa, focusing on things like epidemiology, preventative measures, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and the healthcare system. The study finds deficiencies in the literature and offers pragmatic suggestions for governments, healthcare practitioners, and academics. A systematic search was performed across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and regional databases like African Journals Online (AJOL). We incorporated research from 2000 to 2025, focusing on human and animal myiasis in North African nations. Data extraction utilized a standardized template, focusing on assessing the quality of high-quality and reliable sources. The research revealed substantial discrepancies in myiasis management across urban and rural regions, and among several North African nations. Urban locations in Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria had superior access to contemporary diagnostic instruments and therapies, while rural regions mainly depended on conventional remedies. Conflict-affected nations such as Libya and Sudan saw significant healthcare interruptions, heightening myiasis risks. Significant hurdles were restricted diagnostic instruments, erratic public health initiatives, and insufficient data from underreported regions like Mauritania and Western Sahara. Managing regional disparities in myiasis requires focused treatments, enhanced monitoring systems, and cooperation among governments, healthcare professionals, and communities. Future studies must emphasize cost-efficient solutions customized for local circumstances, especially in conflict-affected and disadvantaged areas. By closing gaps in knowledge and practice, we may facilitate more fair and effective management of myiasis across North Africa and beyond.