Laparoscopy is the technique of using the "pneumoperitoneum" process to 

extend and examine the abdominal cavity using CO2. Laparoscopic and other 

procedures produce pain, which varies in intensity, duration, and type. 

Crystalloid fluid types, for instance, Normal saline (NS) and Ringer's lactate 

(RL) solution, aid in reducing laparoscopic pain. Therefore, the research 

explores intraperitoneal crystalloid solutions in reducing post-laparoscopic 

surgery shoulder pain. The research adopted a prospective, single-blind study 

based on a single-center, randomized, and parallel research design. A total of 

80 diagnosed patients (40 subjects in each arm) with laparoscopic surgery 

were randomly recruited at Zintan Medical Center, Alzintan, Libya. Patients 

were equally divided into Group A (crystalloid solutions) and Group B (routine 

measures) and were assessed through self-administered pain scores. 

Through the numeric rating scale (NRS), the research findings revealed 

significant pain intensity differences between Groups A and B at 6, 12, 24, 

48, and 72 hours. In contrast, no significant difference in pain was observed 

between groups A and B on the fourth and fifth days. Additionally, lower pain 

intensity was observed in group A than in group B; at 6 hours, the mean pain 

score for group A and B measured 2.55 and 6.40 at 6 hours, respectively. The 

intraperitoneal crystalloid solutions infusion aids in reducing pain severity 

among laparoscopic surgery patients. Future research should address 

extended follow-up periods to determine the effects of NS and RL 

interventions. Moreover, stakeholders should implement Ringer's lactate 

solution (RL) to reduce post-laparoscopic complications

This study evaluates a sustainable preplaced aggregate (two-stage) fiber-reinforced concrete (PAFRC) that incorporates Portland limestone cement (PLC) and high dosages of polypropylene (PP) and alkali-resistant glass (GF) fibers. Aggregates and fibers were preplaced in the formwork and subsequently injected with a flowable grout; mechanical performance was assessed at 28 days. The results indicate that 4% PP increased compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, and elastic modulus by 15.2%, 15.9%, and 18.6%, respectively, whereas 1% and 2% GF improved flexural strength by 10.2% and 10.4%, respectively. The 2% PP mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength (20.3 MPa), and the 4% PP mix attained the greatest splitting-tensile strength (3.6 MPa). Peak flexural performance (4.9 MPa) was observed for both the 6% PP and 2% GF mixes. Incorporating PLC in the PAFRC system reduces clinker demand and embodied CO2, and the preplaced method enables higher fiber contents without severe segregation. These results demonstrate a practical pathway to enhance both the mechanical performance and sustainability of concrete for repair and structural applications.

Abstract

Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure for various thyroid diseases. 

Despite advances in surgical techniques, postoperative hypocalcaemia remains one of the most 

frequent complications, particularly following total thyroidectomy.

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia and to 

evaluate its characteristics and outcomes among patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using thyroidectomy records from Benghazi 

Medical Center between 2010 and 2016. The study included patients operated on for non-toxic 

goiter, toxic goiter, recurrent goiter, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroid malignancy, and Graves’ 

disease. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 

23.0.

A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Postoperative hypocalcaemia occurred in 

27.7% of cases. The majority of patients were female, and hypocalcaemia was more common 

among women than men. Higher incidence rates were observed in patients who underwent total 

thyroidectomy and in those with retrosternal extension.

Postoperative hypocalcaemia remains a relatively common complication following 

thyroidectomy. Careful surgical technique and close postoperative monitoring of serum 

calcium levels are essential to reduce its incidence.

:Abstrct

Waterfall ecosystems provide critical provisioning services, including drinking water, irrigation, and ecotourism depends on the physicochemical conditions of the water and the ability of biological regulation. This study aimed to assess water quality at Trisula waterfall and its implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services. Sampling was conducted at three stations (upper river, waterfall point, and lower river) during the dry season. Physicochemical parameters analyzed included discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and organic matter. Benthic macroinvertebrates were also used as bioindicators of ecosystem regulation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Prati's Implicit Index, and biotic indices. The results showed that water discharge ranged from 0.33-1.22 L s⁻¹. The concentrations of nitrate (6.83-7.63 mg L⁻¹) and orthophosphate (0.23-0.27 mg L⁻¹) were relatively high due to agricultural activities, but still below national quality standards. Biological indicators showed higher diversity and dominance of sensitive taxa at the waterfall location, reflecting better ecosystem regulation capabilities. The Prati Index value (1.56-1.70) indicated that the water quality was considered good, but not yet suitable for direct consumption. Integrated management through nutrient control, riparian restoration, and biological monitoring is necessary to maintain the sustainability of ecosystem services and the tourism value of Trisula Waterfall.

Key words: Ecosystem services / benthic macroinvertebrates / biological regulation / water quality / waterfalls

Abstract

This work presents advanced methodologies for the improvement of the Jacobi method by incorporating Gauss-Seidel iterative schemes [1][2]. The Jacobi method, though simple to use [3][4], usually suffers from slow convergence, especially for large-scale linear systems [5]. In this regard, a hybrid scheme is presented that utilizes the strengths of both the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods [6][7]. The important techniques that form the basis of this study include successive over-relaxation (SOR) to accelerate the convergence [2][8], adaptive step-sizing based on residual monitoring [9][10], and preconditioning techniques that enhance the numerical properties of the linear systems [11][12]. Furthermore, the effect of reordering equations for improved convergence rates is also considered [11]. Numerical experiments performed in the context of this study show that these enhancements significantly reduce the number of iterations required for acceptable solutions, thus enhancing computational efficiency [2][13]. In this context, the proposed hybrid scheme outperforms the traditional Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods for several scenarios and provides a robust solution for practitioners working in applied mathematics and engineering disciplines [2]. Keywords: Jacobi Method, Gauss-Seidel Method, Iterative Methods, Linear Systems, Convergence Analysis, Successive Over, Relaxation (SOR), Preconditioning.