The primary aim of the current study was to

evaluate and compare antioxidant activity in

leaves and flowers extracts of arbutus pavarii.

For the purpose, the antioxidant potential of

crude methanol extracts of arbutus pavarii was

screened in vitro using reducing power,

phosphor molybdenum assay, and radical

scavenging activity by employing DPPH, NO,

.OH methods as well as ferric thiocyanate (FTC)

and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests to confirm

the antioxidant potential of these extracts.

Resultantly, it was confirmed that the leaves

extract (LE) has displayed higher reducing

ability compared with flowers extract (FE). The

maximum antioxidant activity was found it in

leaves methanol extract (199.38±12.73 mg of

ascorbic acid/g of dry weight). The Methanolic

LE was able to reduce the DPPH concentration

with an IC50 of 1.09 ± mg/mL, which was

noticeable stronger (P < 0.01) than that of the

positive control (ascorbic acid), (IC50 = 0.01 ±

1.6 mg/mL) and FE (IC50= 1.25 ± mg/mL) as

well. The LE showed slightly inhibited .OH

radical (IC50, 0.78 mg/mL) compared with FE

(IC50, 0.91 mg/ml). The obtained results of this

investigation indicated the usefulness of

utilization of arbutus pavarii leaves as a reliable

source of antioxidants for nutritive and

industrial purposes.

In today's digital age, Facebook has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of users worldwide spending a significant amount of time on Facebook. With the rise of Facebook usage, advertising has also become increasingly prevalent on this platform. This study aims to expend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the effect of Facebook ads on engagement behavior. Although the (TPB) is considered a robust method for studying actual behavior, it has been criticized for its limited explanatory power and failure to account for rational and emotional processes that influence human behavior. The conceptual model proposed in this study will contribute to understanding how Facebook ads influence engagement behavior in deferent contexts.

Keywords: Facebook advertising, engagement behavior, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control.

ABSTRACT - This study aims to determine and investigate the provenance of the source rocks and the depositional setting of the Kikhla Formation, Lower Cretaceous, northwestern Libya. It is mainly composed of mature quartzitic sandstone alternating with conglomerate and clay. The study proved that the sandstone is yellow-white in color and commonly carries quartz granular and small fragments of silicified wood. The environmental deposition is under differing fluvial conditions and by a large braided river. Texturally, the Kikhla sandstone is poorly cemented, coarse to very coarse grained and strongly unimodal and is classified as litharenite and subarkose by the modal composition, which is supported by geochemical studies. According to petrography and geochemistry, the Kikhla sandstone was deposited in a passive continental margin basin, mainly from granitic sources. On the basis of major elements

ratios, and petrographic interpretation, the source rocks are most likely recognized as granites that were exposed via rifting. The CIA

(Chemical Index of Alteration) values (73.28-93.97) indicate a high degree of chemical weathering, which could be attributed to the

arid climate conditions in the source area and mainly controlled by the source-rock provenance, hydraulic sorting during transport and

deposition, diagenesis and depositional environment. According to chemical investigations, sandstone exhibits significant

concentrations of SiO2, Na2O>K2O, and Fe2O3, which is compatible with the modal data.

Keywords: Active continental margin. Kikhla Formation. Quartzitic sandstone. Chemical weathering. Hydraulic sorting. Source-rock provenance.

الخلاصة

يمكن العثور على نفايات البوليمر، التي تستغرق وقتًا لتتحلل، في كل مكان حيث يستخدمها جميع البشر تقريبًا وفي الوقت الحاضر، تتزايد كمية النفايات المصنوعة من البوليمر يومًا بعد يوم مع زيادة عدد سكان العالم مما يؤدي إلى زيادة استهلاك هذه المنتجات. وهذه الزيادة تؤدي إلى استنفاذ الموارد الطبيعية مثل الخشب والبترول بسرعة. وإدراكًا لذلك تم تقديم فكرة إعادة التدوير كطريقة للحد من المشاكل التي تنشأ من عدم إعادة تدويرها. ومن خلال عملية إعادة التدوير، يمكن الحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية للاستخدام المستقبلي. كما تقلل إعادة التدوير من كمية النفايات وتساعد في مواجهة مشكلة تراكم القمامة وتقلل تكلفة المنتج أيضا لأن تصنيع المنتج من المواد الخام إلى المنتج النهائي يصبح مكلفًا بمرور الوقت. فالمنتجات المعاد تدويرها أرخص دائمًا. ومع ذلك، فإن اختيار إعادة تدوير البوليمر يتطلب الأخذ بعين الاعتبار بعض المعلومات المتعلقة بخصائص مواد النفايات مثل حجمها، وموقعها، وطبيعتها، ودرجة التلوث بالملوثات، ووجود فرص السوق. بناءً على هذه المشكلة، يتم إجراء هذه الدراسة من أجل تطوير مركب من المواد المعاد تدويرها مثل البولي إثيلين منخفض الكثافة المعاد تدويره ونشارة الخشب وكذلك التحقق من ملائمة هذه المجموعة لإعادة البناء. علاوة على ذلك، تحاول هذه الدراسة التطوير والتحقيق في مدى ملائمة استخدام البولي اثيلين المعاد تدويره المملوء داخله نشارة الخشب في تصنيع الألواح الخشبية مع التركيز على الاستقرار والمتانة مع التركيبات المختلفة من خلال دراسة خصائصه من أجل تطوير وتحسين الاستخدام المحتمل لهذا المركب في المستقبل. تم إنتاج عينات من الألواح خلال زيادة نسبة المعزز من النشار بمقدار 10٪ إلى 30٪ إلى 50٪ عند 190 درجة مئوية وضغط 19 كجم / سم2 وزمن الضغط من 9 إلى 12 دقيقة. ومن خلال ذلك تم تحديد الخصائص الميكانيكية لقوة الانحناء، وقوة الشد، وخصائص قوة تأثير الألواح. حيث أظهرت النتائج أن أعلى قيمة لمقاومة الشد 7.87(ميجا باسكال) وقيمة قوة الانحناء 19.80 (ميجا باسكال) وتم الحصول عليها من لوح مكون من 30٪ نشارة الخشب المملوءة في مركب البولي إثيلين منخفض الكثافة المعاد تدويره. وسب ذلك يرجع إلى التوزيع الموحد للمعزز في مركب البولي إثيلين منخفض الكثافة المعاد تدويره هو العامل الرئيسي لتحسين الخصائص الميكانيكية.                                                                            

ABSTRACT

Polymer waste, which takes time to degrade, can be found everywhere as it is used by almost all human being. Nowadays, the amount of garbage or waste that is made of polymer is increasing day after day as the world’s population increases resulting in more consumption these products. This increase of polymer products demand causes natural resources such as wood and petroleum to deplete fast. Realizing this, recycling is introduced as a way to curb the problems that arise. Through the process of recycling, natural resources can be preserved for future use. Also, recycling reduces the amount of waste produce and can help to encounter garbage accumulation problem. It also reduces the cost since manufacturing product from raw material to finished product is getting expensive as time passes. The recycled products are always cheaper. However, the choice of recycling polymer requires taking into consideration some information regarding the characteristics of the waste materials such as scale of the deposit, its location, its nature, degree of contamination by pollutants, and the existence of market opportunities. Based on this problem, this study is done in order to develop composite from recycled material such as WSD and recycled low density polyethylene rLDPE as well as checking this combination’s suitability for refactoring. Furthermore, this study attempts to develop and investigate the suitability of using WSD filled rLDPE in wood board manufacturing with focus on stability and durability with various composite formulations through studying the properties of WSD and rLDPE in order to develop and improve the potential usage of this composite in the future. The composite board is produced by hot pressing the extruded sample by increasing the percentage of WSD from 10 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt% at 190°C temperatures and pressure of 19 Kg/cm2 for pressing time 9 to 12 min. The mechanical properties: flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength properties of boards are determined. The results show that the highest value of tensile strength 7.87 (MPa), and value of flexural strength of 19.80(MPa) are obtained from board of 30 % wood saw dust filled Recycled Low Density Polyethylene composite. The uniform distribution of WSD filler in rLDPE composites is the major factor responsible for the improvement in the mechanical properties.

Keywords: Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (rLDPE), wood saw dust WSD, Extruder, recycling, filler.