Earnings management could be considered as a matter ofserious concernby the financial accounting literature. Several approaches for detecting earnings management have been provided by the previous studies. This study aimsto review the different approaches used to identify earnings management and makes a critical evaluation on the weaknesses and strengths of these methods. Despite the fact that accrual-based earnings management is the most widely used approach for detecting earnings management, it has a number of drawbacks. We have attempted to shed more light on the strengths and drawbacks that should be considered when identifying earnings management behaviour.

Abstract

The growth of two wetland forage grasses Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth. and Echinochloa stagnina (L.) P. Beauv. was investigated under NaCl salinity regarding the morphological traits, plant chemical composition, photosynthesis and the antioxidant enzymes POD and CAT. Plants of both species were irrigated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl in a sand/perlite mixture of 1:1 (v/v). Salinity negatively affected morphological traits and plant biomass of both species, particularly E. stagnina. Soluble sugars and proline within limits, protein contents of the foliage were increased to different extents by increasing salinity, but insoluble sugar decreased. K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of shoot and root of both species was decreased as a consequence of Na⁺ accumulation and restricted K⁺ uptake. NaCl salinity adversely affected photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of both species particularly E. stagnina. Tolerance of L. fusca and E. stagnina to salinity stress can be based on stomatal closure and reduction in leaf area, in order to minimize water loss via transpiration and increase the activity of some antioxidant enzymes to detoxifying ROS generated during stress.

Abstract

This paper is the report of the first Under-Display Camera (UDC) image restoration challenge in conjunction with the RLQ workshop at ECCV 2020. The challenge is based on a newly-collected database of Under-Display Camera. The challenge tracks correspond to two types of display: a 4k Transparent OLED (T-OLED) and a phone Pentile OLED (P-OLED). Along with about 150 teams registered the challenge, eight and nine teams submitted the results during the testing phase for each track. The results in the paper are state-of-the-art restoration performance of Under-Display Camera Restoration. Datasets and paper are available at https://yzhouas.github.io/projects/UDC/udc.html.

Keywords

Under-display camera Image restoration Denoising Debluring 

Abstract

Objective: Chronic diabetes mellitus is associated with detrimental cardiovascular complications and electrolyte imbalances such as hypomagnesaemia. We investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg2+) on cardiac function and the possible role of histological and electrical alterations in chronic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were treated once intraperitoneally with streptozotocin or citrate, and then daily with MgSO4 or saline for four weeks. Cardiac contractile and electrocardiographic parameters were measured on Langendorff-perfused hearts. Other hearts were histologically stained or immunoblotted for the mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATP5A).

Results: In diabetic hearts, Mg2+ prevented a diabetes-induced decrease in left ventricular developed pressure and improved contractility indices, as well as attenuated the reduction in heart rate and prolongation of QT interval, but not the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). Histologically, there

were neither differences in cardiomyocyte width nor interstitial collagen. The expression of ATP5A was not different among the treatment groups.

Conclusion: Mg2+ supplementation improved cardiac contractile activity in chronic diabetic hearts via mechanisms unrelated to electrocardiographic or histologically detectable myocardial alterations.

Financial information manipulation has been one of the most important issues since the failure of major corporations worldwide such as Enron, World.Com, Arthur Anderson and others. Although, these companies differ in their core and operations, they share the same causes for their failure, which is really the practice of financial information manipulation. These manipulation activities are commonly referred to as "creative accounting." However, the concept of creative accounting is sometimes used as a synonym for accounting fraud in literature. Thereby, this research aims to review the existing literature in order to shed more light on the main features of creative accounting and accounting fraud, as well as the distinctions between them. In doing so, the findings of other prior studies, using a range of alternative available resources to gather the related literature, were reviewed to present the results of this research. The main findings of this research suggest that professional accountants and companies‘ executives are still able to find loopholes in the existing accounting standards to manipulate financial reports. In addition, it is still difficult to establish a framework that incorporates all the considerations that are essential to distinguish between creative accounting and accounting fraud. To overcome

on this phenomenon, the potential solution is by identifying executives‘ motivations to engage in manipulation behaviour, which can enable academics and regulators to establish a framework for distancing them, as well as may help to identify fraudulent actions by pursuing how executives behave to achieve their goals and intentions.

Abstract: The effects of early-life fructose consumption on hepatic signaling pathways and their

relation to the development of metabolic disorders in later life are not fully understood. To investigate

whether fructose overconsumption at a young age induces alterations in glucocorticoid signaling

that might contribute to development of metabolic disturbances, we analyzed glucocorticoid

receptor hormone-binding parameters and expression of its target genes involved in gluconeogenesis

(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) and lipid metabolism (lipin-1),

as well as redox and inflammatory status in the liver of female rats subjected to a fructose-rich

diet immediately after weaning. The fructose diet increased hepatic corticosterone concentration,

11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 level, glucocorticoid receptor protein level and

hormone-binding activity, as well as lipin-1 level. The expression of glucose-6-phosphatase was

reduced in fructose-fed rats, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase remained unaltered.

The fructose-rich diet increased the level of fructose transporter GLUT2, while the expression

of fructolytic enzymes fructokinase and aldolase B remained unaltered. The diet also affected

pro-inflammatory pathways, but had no effect on the antioxidant defence system. In conclusion,

a fructose-rich diet applied immediately after weaning promoted lipogenesis and enhanced hepatic

glucocorticoid signaling, possibly to protect against inflammatory damage, but without an effect on

gluconeogenesis and antioxidant enzymes. Yet, prolonged treatment might ultimately lead to more

pronounced metabolic disturbances.

The Role of Website Visual Design in Predicting Consumers' Purchase Intention: an Empirical Study in a B2C Environment