This study outlines how Libya could become sustainable if it so chooses, the world is moving rapidly towards a transition to environmental sustainability after the dangers of using fossil fuels 

and excessive use of natural resources without taking into account the environmental aspects have become publicly clear through of the phenomenon of Global warming and climate change. The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for decision-makers in Libya to intensify environmental management and move towardssustainability methods by preserving the three main natural resources in Libya (water, oil, and gas). The paramount needs are to make the water supply sustainable and to make a transition to renewable energy as fast as possible, both water and oil stocks are depleting and will become scarce unless conserved, sales receipts from Libya’s declining oil and gas resources could be allocated to accelerate the transition to solar electricity, which should fast  become the most profitable and sustainable export to Europe. Conservation of hydrocarbons is essential to boost oil and gas exports to finance solar electricity, the main opportunity is to conserve Libya’s three main natural resources, water, oil and gas. Conservation of these resources will firmly catalyze Libya’s transition to a sustainable economy while improving the quality of life. This study focuses on water and energy conservation and investment in renewable energy through:1) Benefit from the revenues of oil and gas, which are considered as revenues temporary and exhaustible to create sustainable development based on renewable energy in most economic activities. 2) Transform Libya from a producer and exporter of fossil fuels to a country producer and exporter of clean energy, such as energy generated from wind and sun. Libya enjoys a privileged location near the continent of Europe can be an important source of electricity generated from solar energy to Europe. 3) Reduce fossil fuel consumption which increases the life of its reserves, and this leads to a reduction in the proportion of greenhouse gas emissions, the main cause of global warming.4) Maintain the groundwater and the rationalization of consumption.5) Create new job opportunities foryoung people Libyan, because the transformation project for the sustainable economy requires a lot of development projects that need to be 

trained workforce and efficient.6)Libya is a unique nation in many ways: especially its location that contains the highest solar insolation on the planet, so the daily average of horizontal solar radiation is 7.1 kWh/m²/day, with an average sun duration of more 

than 3,500 hours per year. 7) Accelerating the development of solar and wind energy will enable Libya to export hydrocarbons for a longer period.

The primary aim of the current study was to

evaluate and compare antioxidant activity in

leaves and flowers extracts of arbutus pavarii.

For the purpose, the antioxidant potential of

crude methanol extracts of arbutus pavarii was

screened in vitro using reducing power,

phosphor molybdenum assay, and radical

scavenging activity by employing DPPH, NO,

.OH methods as well as ferric thiocyanate (FTC)

and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests to confirm

the antioxidant potential of these extracts.

Resultantly, it was confirmed that the leaves

extract (LE) has displayed higher reducing

ability compared with flowers extract (FE). The

maximum antioxidant activity was found it in

leaves methanol extract (199.38±12.73 mg of

ascorbic acid/g of dry weight). The Methanolic

LE was able to reduce the DPPH concentration

with an IC50 of 1.09 ± mg/mL, which was

noticeable stronger (P < 0.01) than that of the

positive control (ascorbic acid), (IC50 = 0.01 ±

1.6 mg/mL) and FE (IC50= 1.25 ± mg/mL) as

well. The LE showed slightly inhibited .OH

radical (IC50, 0.78 mg/mL) compared with FE

(IC50, 0.91 mg/ml). The obtained results of this

investigation indicated the usefulness of

utilization of arbutus pavarii leaves as a reliable

source of antioxidants for nutritive and

industrial purposes.

In today's digital age, Facebook has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of users worldwide spending a significant amount of time on Facebook. With the rise of Facebook usage, advertising has also become increasingly prevalent on this platform. This study aims to expend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the effect of Facebook ads on engagement behavior. Although the (TPB) is considered a robust method for studying actual behavior, it has been criticized for its limited explanatory power and failure to account for rational and emotional processes that influence human behavior. The conceptual model proposed in this study will contribute to understanding how Facebook ads influence engagement behavior in deferent contexts.

Keywords: Facebook advertising, engagement behavior, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control.

ABSTRACT - This study aims to determine and investigate the provenance of the source rocks and the depositional setting of the Kikhla Formation, Lower Cretaceous, northwestern Libya. It is mainly composed of mature quartzitic sandstone alternating with conglomerate and clay. The study proved that the sandstone is yellow-white in color and commonly carries quartz granular and small fragments of silicified wood. The environmental deposition is under differing fluvial conditions and by a large braided river. Texturally, the Kikhla sandstone is poorly cemented, coarse to very coarse grained and strongly unimodal and is classified as litharenite and subarkose by the modal composition, which is supported by geochemical studies. According to petrography and geochemistry, the Kikhla sandstone was deposited in a passive continental margin basin, mainly from granitic sources. On the basis of major elements

ratios, and petrographic interpretation, the source rocks are most likely recognized as granites that were exposed via rifting. The CIA

(Chemical Index of Alteration) values (73.28-93.97) indicate a high degree of chemical weathering, which could be attributed to the

arid climate conditions in the source area and mainly controlled by the source-rock provenance, hydraulic sorting during transport and

deposition, diagenesis and depositional environment. According to chemical investigations, sandstone exhibits significant

concentrations of SiO2, Na2O>K2O, and Fe2O3, which is compatible with the modal data.

Keywords: Active continental margin. Kikhla Formation. Quartzitic sandstone. Chemical weathering. Hydraulic sorting. Source-rock provenance.