(E)-2-(naphthalen-1-yldiazenyl) malononitrile (NDMN) was synthesized via a diazotization–coupling reaction and evaluated for its antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli. The compound showed strong, concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with significantly higher efficacy against MRSA than E. coli, as confirmed by disc diffusion, MIC, and MBC assays. These results suggest that NDMN is a promising synthetic antimicrobial agent, particularly against Gram-positive resistant bacteria, and merits further biological and toxicity investigations.

bstract:

There is an increasing link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage in 

neurodegenerative dis-eases. Therefore, there is the need for safer natural neuroprotective drugs 

to protect neurons from damage. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of 

natural extracts derived from Olea Europaea plants from Libya. Leaves and fruits of the olives 

were extracted using ethanol and methanol solvents. The extracts were then analyzed for the 

presence of phytochemicals and antioxidants, and neuroprotective activity was determined 

using neuronal cell models. Findings from the study show that olive extract was rich in phenols, 

flavonoids, oleuropein, and hydroxytryrosol in methanol extracts of leaves. There was a high 

free radical scavengeing capacity as shown by antioxidant activity tests. Moreover, 

neuroprotective studies show that the extracts could in-crease neuronal cell viability and reduce 

intracellular reactive oxygen species when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 

markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 were also inhibited by the extracts.

Keywords: Olea Europaea, Neuroprotection, Antioxidant Activity, Olive Extracts, 

Neurodegenerative Diseases.

 الملخص: 

يتزايد االرتباط بين اإلجهاد التأكسدي وااللتهاب وتلف الخاليا العصبية في األمراض التنكسية العصبية. لذا، تبرز الحاجة إلى 

أدوية طبيعية أكثر أمانًا لحماية الخاليا العصبية من التلف. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى بحث التأثير الوقائي العصبي لمستخلصات

( من ليبيا. تم استخالص أوراق وثمار الزيتون باستخدام Olea Europaea الزيتون األوروبي ) طبيعية مشتقة من نباتات 

مذيبات اإليثانول والميثانول. ثم تم تحليل المستخلصات للكشف عن وجود المركبات الكيميائية النباتية ومضادات األكسدة، 

ص الزيتون غني وتم تحديد النشاط الوقائي العصبي باستخدام نماذج الخاليا العصبية. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستخل

بالفينوالت والفالفونويدات واألولوروبين والهيدروكسي تيروسول في مستخلصات الميثانول من األوراق. كما أظهرت 

اختبارات النشاط المضاد لألكسدة قدرة عالية على التخلص من الجذور الحرة. عالوة على ذلك، تُشير الدراسات الوقائية

ة على زيادة حيوية الخاليا العصبية وتقليل أنواع األكسجين التفاعلية داخل الخاليا عند العصبية إلى أن المستخلصات قادر

بواسطة المستخلصات IL-6 و TNF-α تعرضها لإلجهاد التأكسدي. كما تم تثبيط عالمات االلتهاب مثل 

لحماية العصبية، نشاط مضاد لألكسدة، مستخلصات الزيتون، األمراض التنكسية ا، Olea Europaea الكلمات المفتاحية:

. العصبية

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a significant challenge to the antibacterial efficacy of the

produced chemical, (2-(2-(2-nitrophenyl) diazinyl) malononitrile), which is generated from malononitrile and a

diazo moiety. The molecule was synthesized using the diazotization of 2-nitroaniline, followed by coupling with

malononitrile, resulting in NPDAM with an 85% yield and a melting point of 123-125 °C. The substance at

concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL was assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

(SA121) and Escherichia coli (EC49). The chemical exhibited efficacy against MRSA at varying doses, yielding

clear zones of 29.6, 32.6, and 33.0 mm, in contrast to E. coli at the same concentrations, which produced clear

zones of 10, 11.6, and 14.6 mm, respectively. The microdilution technique was employed to ascertain the

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The compound

exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against MRSA at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL

(19.5 and 4.89 μg/mL, respectively), in contrast to E. coli, which demonstrated inhibition at 39.0 and 9.78 μg/mL

at the same concentrations. Additionally, it yielded the lowest MIC values (0.97 μg/mL) against both bacteria at

a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The MBC values against MRSA ranged from 39.0 to 1.95 μg/mL, while against

E. coli, the MBC values were slightly lower, ranging from 78.1 to 1.95 μg/mL. In conclusion, all chemical

concentrations exhibited activity against the studied microorganisms, indicating their potential as antimicrobial

agents.

Keywords: Malononitrile, Diazo compounds, antimicrobial activity, MRSA, E. coli.

This study reports the development of a new series of pyrazolo[4,3-b] pyridine and pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives designed as potential antischistosomal agents. A diverse set of fused nitrogen-containing heterocycles was successfully obtained and subjected to preliminary biological relevance assessment based on their structural features. These newly synthesized frameworks, belonging to scaffolds previously associated with notable antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties, demonstrate promising potential for further evaluation against Schistosoma species. The findings highlight the value of these heterocyclic systems as candidates for developing alternative therapies to complement existing schistosomiasis treatment strategies

Keywords: Pyrazolopyridines; Pyrazolopyrimidines; Heterocyclic synthesis; Condensation reactions

Abstract:

Kidney failure is a health problem affecting people worldwide. Hematological problems in dialysis patients are associated with altered physiological and biochemical parameters in patients with renal failure. This study aimed to measure changes in physiological and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing dialysis. The study was conducted from July 2024 to August 2024 at the Al-Assabah Dialysis Center. It included 37 patients with kidney failure and 20 healthy individuals. Biochemical and hematological parameters, including blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells, were examined and compared with those in healthy individuals. The study revealed that 73% of patients were men, with the majority falling within the 30- to 40-year-old age range. The study revealed statistical significance between the two groups in hemoglobin levels (P = 0.002) and red blood cell count (P < 0.000). The study also showed differences between the two groups in urea and creatinine levels. The study found that blood sugar levels were normal, and there was no significant difference between the sexes or the two groups, although men represent the majority of infected cases in the study population. The study concluded that there is a significant difference in the levels of biochemical parameters, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count in kidney failure patients compared to the healthy group, and that males are more susceptible to kidney failure.

Artemisia herba-alba Asso is a medicinal plant renowned for its therapeutic essential oil. This study characterized the chemical profile and bioactivities of the essential oil from Libyan A. herba-alba. The essential oil, obtained via hydrodistillation with a 2% yield, was analyzed by GC-MS/FID and evaluated for antibacterial (disc diffusion) and anticancer (MTT assay) properties. The oil was dominated by camphor (30.53%) and Thujone (22.47%), classifying it as a camphor-thujone chemotype. It exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 17.33±1.52 mm), and demonstrated potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.59 mg/mL. The results validate the traditional use of this plant and highlight its potential as a source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents

Artemisia herba-alba Asso is a medicinal plant renowned for its therapeutic essential oil. This study characterized the chemical profile and bioactivities of the essential oil from Libyan A. herba-alba. The essential oil, obtained via hydrodistillation with a 2% yield, was analyzed by GC-MS/FID and evaluated for antibacterial (disc diffusion) and anticancer (MTT assay) properties. The oil was dominated by camphor (30.53%) and Thujone (22.47%), classifying it as a camphor-thujone chemotype. It exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 17.33 ± 1.52 mm), and demonstrated potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.59 mg/mL. The results validate the traditional use of this plant and highlight its potential as a source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.