Infectious diseases that involve hepatitis B (HBsAg), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and syphilis (VDRL) remain significant worldwide health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Libya serves as both a transit and destination point for migrants, creating a unique context for examining the prevalence of these disorders among migrant workers and Libyan citizens. Comprehending variations in illness prevalence based on nationality and employment is essential for formulating targeted public health interventions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and VDRL among migrant workers and Libyan nationals undergoing mandatory occupational health screenings. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Reference Laboratory, Western Mountain, Al-Rajban in Libya between December 2023 and February 2024. A total of 1,656 participants were assessed, including 1,434 migrant laborers and 223 Libyan natives. The VDRL test exhibited the greatest chance at 1.6%, followed by HBsAg at 1.4%, HCV at 0.9%, and HIV at 0.2%. Migrant workers had a greater prevalence of HBsAg at 1.6% and slightly elevated rates of HCV and HIV compared to Libyan residents, who reported no instances of these infections. Occupational research indicated that general workers had the largest disease burden, with statistically significant rates of HBsAg at 2.1%, HCV at 1.4%, and VDRL at 2.1%. Specialized workers had low illness rates, perhaps attributable to superior hygiene practices or underreporting. This research underscores the gap in infectious diseases between migrant workers and Libyan citizens, emphasizing the need for focused screening, enhanced workplace safety, and equitable access to preventive healthcare. The findings underscore the need for occupation-specific health interventions to mitigate risk, particularly for high-risk populations such as general laborers. Future research should include longitudinal studies and a larger sample size to validate these results and enhance global health equality.

Myiasis, the invasion of tissues by fly larvae, is a considerable but overlooked public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. The frequency of myiasis in North Africa is affected by geographic, climatic, and socioeconomic variables; yet, there is a paucity of comprehensive information about its treatment across the area. Regional disparities in healthcare infrastructure, cultural customs, and interruptions due to war exacerbate the challenges in addressing this neglected tropical disease (NTD). The goal of this systematic review is to look at differences in how myiasis is treated in different parts of North Africa, focusing on things like epidemiology, preventative measures, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and the healthcare system. The study finds deficiencies in the literature and offers pragmatic suggestions for governments, healthcare practitioners, and academics. A systematic search was performed across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and regional databases like African Journals Online (AJOL). We incorporated research from 2000 to 2025, focusing on human and animal myiasis in North African nations. Data extraction utilized a standardized template, focusing on assessing the quality of high-quality and reliable sources. The research revealed substantial discrepancies in myiasis management across urban and rural regions, and among several North African nations. Urban locations in Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria had superior access to contemporary diagnostic instruments and therapies, while rural regions mainly depended on conventional remedies. Conflict-affected nations such as Libya and Sudan saw significant healthcare interruptions, heightening myiasis risks. Significant hurdles were restricted diagnostic instruments, erratic public health initiatives, and insufficient data from underreported regions like Mauritania and Western Sahara. Managing regional disparities in myiasis requires focused treatments, enhanced monitoring systems, and cooperation among governments, healthcare professionals, and communities. Future studies must emphasize cost-efficient solutions customized for local circumstances, especially in conflict-affected and disadvantaged areas. By closing gaps in knowledge and practice, we may facilitate more fair and effective management of myiasis across North Africa and beyond.

Abstract Patients on hemodialysis face a higher risk of viral hepatitis due to factors like frequent blood transfusions, prolonged vascular access, and exposure to infected patients and equipment. These issues pose significant challenges for healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in Zintan and Yefren, Libya. In this study, 87 serum specimens were collected from hemodialysis patients, 47 men and 40 women, between February and May 2024. The samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies using ELISA. Results showed a low prevalence; HBsAg was positive in 1.14% (1 out of 87), and anti-HCV antibodies were also detected in 1.14% (1 out of 87). While the low prevalence suggests a reduced risk in these facilities, further research on demographic and clinical risk factors is needed. In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in this region is reassuringly low, indicating effective management practices. Keywords: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hemodialysis, Zintan, Yefren, Libya

This study investigates the innovative integration of Portland limestone cement (PLC) and date palm ash (DPA) in preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) grouts, addressing the urgent need for sustainable construction materials with a lower carbon footprint. With the construction industry contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions, utilizing agricultural by-products like DPA offers an eco-friendly alternative while mitigating waste disposal challenges. The research evaluates single, binary, and ternary binders incorporating supplementary cementitious materials such as silica fume (SF) and metakaolin to optimize PAC's mechanical properties. Findings reveal that binary grouts with PLC and 10% SF achieved the highest compressive strength (68.3 MPa), outperforming traditional mixtures by 40%. Microstructural analysis confirmed that DPA enhances matrix density and reduces pore size, contributing to improved durability. Recommendations include further exploration of DPA's role in reducing cement content and promoting resource efficiency. The findings highlight PLC and DPA as viable components for greener construction, advancing PAC's potential as a sustainable concrete for structural applications.