In higher education, assessment is a fundamental in measuring students’ 

learning and supporting teaching. The assessment of students’ English as a 

Foreign Language (EFL) writing can help in identifying students’ learning needs, 

progress and teaching. A number of studies have been conducted on 

assessment in the Libyan context; however, these studies have focussed on 

other aspects of EFL teaching and learning and not EFL writing assessment. 

The study, therefore, explores the assessment methods that EFL tutors use in 

assessing their students’ written work. It also aims to examine the factors that 

affect tutors’ choices of assessment methods and identify how students 

perceive the assessment methods concerning the process and product with 

relation to tutors’ thinking.  

To understand this topic from diverse perceptions, questionnaires were distributed to 12 tutors and 207 4th year students, and semi-structured 

interviews were conducted with the sample of 12 tutors and six students 

(purposive sampling). SPSS software was adopted as a means for 

questionnaire analysis, while grounded theory was selected to analyse the 

interview data.  

Both data collection instruments provide a range of interesting findings as tutors 

have experience in summative and formative assessment whereas self and 

peer assessment are not performed by all students. However, there are several 

factors that have a potential effect on the use of a variety of methods of 

assessment. Both tutors and student participants believe that summative 

assessment is a traditional method which has little effect on EFL writing skills. 

ii 

Concerning the process and product of assessment, students have a deficiency 

of receiving assessment criteria while tutors’ feedback is valued by all students 

and also grades are perceived as the main product of assessment by all 

participants. Further results indicate that all students agree that they have a lack 

of involvement in discussion group-assessment, feedback, criteria, standards, 

learning goals, self-grading and peer-grading. This is due to several factors that 

limited students being involved in such concepts in relation to assessment. For 

example, Libyan tutors still view assessment as being under their control, which 

restricted the opportunity for students to be involved in assessment. The key 

finding is the relationship between criteria, feedback and grades, as an 

example, without known criteria the students do not know what is being 

assessed, and the feedback is too broad because it covers every aspect of 

assessment.  

Therefore, a contribution to knowledge is made by adding and expanding the 

current body of knowledge about assessment methods used in the Libyan EFL 

context. This study is important because it offers critical interpretations of what 

methods are used to assess students’ written work in terms of the process and 

product, and the knowledge gained from this study could be used to improve 

the effectiveness and efficiency of assessment methods not only in the Libyan 

context but also other second language users (L2) learning context. 

الوصف

In this study, 6-(5-bromothiohen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (BDPC) powder was synthesized. BDPC powder showed a polycrystalline structure, whereas the thermally evaporated films had an amorphous structure. The optical parameters such as absorption coefficient and refractive index were calculated in the spectral range 200–500 nm. Spectral distribution analysis of the absorption coefficient revealed that the films had an indirect band transitions with energy gaps of 2.57 eV and 3.5 eV. According to the single oscillator model, the oscillation energy, dispersion energy, and dielectric constant were estimated. The room-temperature current–voltage characteristics of the fabricated Au/BDPC/p-Si/Al heterojunction showed diode-like behavior. The ideality factor, the barrier height and series resistance were determined based on thermionic emission theory and

Abstract — Big Data refers to data volumes in the range of Exabyte (1018) and beyond. Such volumes exceed the capacity of current on-line storage and processing systems. With characteristics like volume, velocity and variety big data throws challenges to the traditional IT establishments. Computer assisted innovation, real time data analytics, customer-centric business intelligence, industry wide decision making and transparency are possible advantages, to mention few, of Big Data. There are many issues with Big Data that warrant quality assessment methods. The issues are pertaining to storage and transport, management, and processing. This paper throws light into the present state of quality issues related to Big Data. It provides valuable insights that can be used to leverage Big Data science activities.

Keywords —Big Data, Quality assessment, stream processing, survey, Big Data frameworks.

Abstract

Nowadays, the information system methodology is lifeblood of any successful project. The success is based on the quality of information and its technology over the globe. This could rely on the development and operation of computer based systems. To assure that you achieved the goal, there should be a perfect and ideal selection of the methodology, and quite simply it matches your needs. However, there should be some researchers have been written about NIMSAD, SSADM and ETHICS and with no doubt much will be written in the future. The purpose of this paper is to conducting a comparison between two methodologies effectively. Besides, the implementation of NIMSAD framework will take an integral part in this paper. Consequently, the implementation will illustrate the strength and weakness points of both methodologies. Eight principals' steps of NIMSAD will be examined to demonstrate various aspects of EHTICS and SSADM methodologies. This, however, will help to ensure the efficient performance which is the main goal of this work.

ملخص هدفت هذه الدراسة و انحصرت المشكلة في معرفة كيفية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة داخل مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية التعليمي وكيف إدارة الجودة الشاملة تؤثر علي تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية و علي المعوقات التي تواجه تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية و ما الحلول االستراتيجية الالزمة التطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية التعليمي. مجتمع وعينة الدراسة: عينة مختارة من اإلداريين ورؤساء األقسام في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية في مدينة ماالنج – إندونيسيا. منهجية البحث: كانت باتباع أسلوب المنهج الوصفي وفي نوعه الوصفي الكيفي، وأدوات جمع البيانات هي المقابلة واالطالع على الوثائق، وفي تحليل البيانات اعتمد الباحث على أسلوب المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بخطوات محددة. وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من النتائج من أهمها: أ. المستشفى المبحوث يتولى أهمية لتطبيق مبادئ إدارة الجودة الشاملة داخل مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية. ب. لتركز على التحسين المستمر للخدمات من خالل مساهمة الموظفين والعاملين في خطط وأنشطة التحسين المستمر. ج. تؤثر إدارة الجودة الشاملة علي تحسين الخدمات الصحية في تشجيع اإلدارة العاملين على تقديم اقترحتهم بشكل أفضل في تحسين الخدمات الصحية داخل المستشفى وتنظيم برامج تدريبية داخل المستشفى. د. المعوقات هي قصور ثقافة إدارة الجودة الشاملة لدي الرؤساء والمرؤوسين وضعف تنفيذ البرامج التدريبية والدورات التوعوية داخل مستشفيي المحمدية. ه. االستراتيجية الالزمة هي العمل الجاد على نشر ثقافة تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة والتوعية بمزاءيها بين جميع العاملين. وأوصت الدراسة: ضرورة إيمان اإلدارة العليا للمستشفى بأهمية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة، ونشر ثقافة الجودة على العاملين. واالستعانة بخبرات وكفاءات في إدارة الجودة الشاملة التحسين الخدمات داخل المؤسسة الصحية. اعتماد وعقد دورات تدريبة العاملين داخل المؤسسة وتأهليهم في مجال إدارة الجودة الشاملة، وتوفير بعثات لهم لي الخارج وهذا من اجل رفع الكفاءة اعتماد وعقد دورات تدريبة العاملين داخل المؤسسة وتأهليهم في مجال إدارة الجودة الشاملة، وتوفير بعثات لهم لي الخارج وهذا من اجل رفع الكفاءة. الكلمات المفتاحية: كيفية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة، تحسين الخدمات الصحية، المستشفى المحمدية التعليمي

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A thorough knowledge of fetal growth and development is key to understanding both the normal and abnormal fetal MR imaging findings. We investigated the size and signal intensity of the normal pituitary gland and the intrasphenoidal ossification around the Rathke pouch in formalin-fixed fetuses on MR imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two fetuses with undamaged brains were included in this study (mean age, 19.93 weeks; age range, 12–31 weeks). Visual inspection of the pituitary and ossification around the Rathke pouch in the sphenoid bone or the postsphenoid ossification was conducted. The extent of pituitary and postsphenoid ossification, pituitary/pons signal ratio, and postsphenoidal ossification/sphenoid bone signal ratio was compared according to gestational age.

RESULTS: The pituitary gland was identified as a hyperintense intrasellar structure in all cases, and postsphenoid ossification was identified as an intrasphenoidal hyperintense area in 27 of the 32 cases (84%). The mean pituitary/pons signal ratio was 1.13 ± 0.18 and correlated weakly with gestational age (R2 = 0.243), while the mean postsphenoid ossification/sphenoid bone signal ratio was 2.14 ± 0.56 and did not show any increase with gestational age (R2 = 0.05). No apparent change in the size of pituitary hyperintensity was seen with gestational age (R2 = 0.001). Postsphenoid ossification showed an increase in size with gestational age (R2 = 0.307).

CONCLUSIONS: The fetal pituitary gland was hyperintense on T1-weighted images and the pituitary/pons ratio and extent of postsphenoid ossification correlated weakly with gestational age.

The paper studied the possibility of taking advantage over roads to generate energy by pressure and movements of vehicles on these roads and converts kinetic energy into electric energy by piezoelectric devices that will call later the Smart Roads. Libya is seeking a variety of energy sources instead of depending on fossil fuels, and at the same time, plans to have giant projects in the field of roads; the most important is the 2000 km coastal highway. The coastal highway itself can produce thousands of kilowatts of clean and sustainable electric power by installing piezoelectric devices along the distance of the road with proper specifications. The objective of this paper is to study and investigate the smart roads to produce energy in Libya. Moreover, this paper employed descriptive design which includes model design and energy calculations for one piezoelectric device. The main reasons that encouraged us to take advantage over the Road Power Generation (RGP) are as follows:(1). The needs for a resource of renewable, clean and sustainable energy;(2) Benefits from the movement of thousands of vehicles on public roads, and take advantage of thousands of kilome-

With web advertising growing to be a huge industry, it is important to understand the effectiveness of web advertisement. In this study we investigate the effects of web advertising visual design (WAVD) purchasing intention within the framework of an integrated model. Nine hypotheses were developed and tested on a dataset of 316 observations collected via a questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that while web advertising visual cues influence consumers' purchasing intention through advertising attitudes and brand attitudes, they do not have direct effects on purchasing intention. Further results on the moderating role of gender suggest that web advertising visual cues have direct effect on consumers' purchasing intention for male groups but not for female groups. This study contributes to the understanding the role of visual dimensions in forming online purchase intentions.

Abstract

The main aim in this study is to explain the effect of natural resource endowment or ‘oil wealth’ on the Libyan economy and, more importantly, explore how Libya can take advantage of this resource whilst avoiding the Dutch disease problem. In order to do this, the study has three objectives:-

1.     To identify what variables are of importance in the economic growth in particular of oil producing countries, and what is the impact of oil on those variables.

2.     To identify the most important growth strategies that oil-rich countries are following.

3.     To identify the nature of the relationship between oil revenue and realizing permanent economic development in Libya, while identifying the most potentially beneficial economic development policies that could be adopted in Libya in terms of the participation of economic sectors, investment priorities, and encouragement of economic diversification.

Multiple methods were used to collect data in this research through information gathered from existing literature - data for a wide study of 74 oil producing countries, case studies on a number of oil rich comparator countries, as well as a qualitative analysis of the Libyan economy itself with data derived from semi-structured interviews and a focus group.

Preliminary results indicate that the abundance of oil wealth has a positive direct relationship on GDP; however economic growth is obstructed indirectly by oil wealth through the effect of some other economic variables within the model. For instance, an abundance of oil wealth negatively (statistically significantly) affects manufacturing, public spending on education and the entry of foreign direct investment; however, there is a positive (statistically not significant) relationship between oil wealth and each of agriculture value added and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF). There is however a negative (statistically significant) relationship between SWF and GDP as well as a positive, statistically significant, relationship between the following variables: manufacturing value added, agriculture value added, and Foreign Direct Investment with GDP. The relationship is positive, but statistically not significant, between public spending on education and GDP.

In terms of the case study countries discussed, it can be recognized that different growth strategies have been adopted to reach economic diversification; in general all countries have increased their investment in education for all stages, in supporting the tourism sector and those manufacturing industries that link to oil and gas. However, the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP for some oil-rich countries has diminished, even in those countries which have increased their efforts to support that sector. The main challenge facing those countries in terms of attracting more foreign direct investment is political and security stability. Countries consider SWF as an important way to diversify the economy, to achieve sustainable growth and to maximize profits.

In the specific context of Libya, this study reveals that it is facing a political Dutch disease as well an economic Dutch disease. Because of the size of the public sector, private sector activities were crowded out because of the ability of the government to dominate the economy through its large oil revenues. It is therefore a type of Dutch disease with a different scenario.