Sediment loss (SLO) is a critical geological phenomenon characterized by a reduction in mass over time due to the combined effects of controlling variables such as rock competency, weathering, and erosion. This study aims to develop an efficient numerical method for solving SLO fractal-fractional differential equations (SLO-FFDEs) based on shifted Legendre polynomials (SLPs) and to investigate the effects of the fractal, fractional, and erosion parameters on the sediment loss dynamics. The SLO-FFDEs are approximated using the basis vectors of SLPs, and a derivative operational matrix (OM) of SLPs is developed within the framework of the new generalized Caputo fractal-fractional derivative (GCFFD). The proposed method is evaluated for different values of the fractal parameter σ, fractional parameter ϱ, and decaying parameter λ associated with erosion. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed OM-based framework provides an effective and accurate approach for describing the dynamics of sediment loss under different combinations of fractal and fractional parameters. The results also indicate that variations in the fractal and fractional parameters significantly influence the behavior of the SLO model, while the erosion parameter controls the rate of sediment loss. Therefore, the proposed method provides a flexible computational framework for modeling SLO-FFDEs and can be used to investigate the influence of fractal, fractional, and erosion effects in sediment-loss processes. It is recommended that the proposed framework be further extended to more complex sediment-loss models and validated using experimental or field data

This study presents a novel and efficient computational framework for numerically solving fractal-fractional Lane-Emden (FFLE) equations using the new generalized Caputo fractal-fractional derivative (NGCFFD). Lane-Emden equations arise naturally in modeling astrophysical phenomena such as stellar structure, polytropic gas spheres, and isothermal gas clouds, as well as in chemical kinetics, thermoelectric processes, and various branches of applied mathematics. The proposed technique employs shifted Legendre polynomials (SLPs) to construct an operational matrix that systematically transforms these complex fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs) into tractable systems of algebraic equations, applicable to both linear and nonlinear multi-order FFDEs. Six representative FFLE equations are investigated across twelve computational models with varying fractal-fractional parameters (γ, β, ρ), and the results are rigorously compared against conformable fractional (CF) and modified Riemann–Liouville (mRL) solutions available in the literature. The proposed fractal-fractional models consistently outperform the corresponding standard Caputo models. An error estimation theorem and a convergence analysis confirm that the series solutions converge to the exact solutions in the Hilbert space [0,1]. We think this is the first study to report a numerical solution of fractal-fractional Lane-Emden equations, establishing the fractal order parameter β as an essential, rather than merely supplementary, modeling component for certain classes of singular nonlinear problems.

Abstract Background: The escalating challenge of antifungal resistance and the side effects associated with conventional drugs have intensified the search for natural alternatives. This study investigated the efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extracts compared to standard antifungal agents against clinical oral Candida isolates from Libyan patients. Methods: Five Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis) were isolated from patients in Gharyan City, Libya. The antifungal susceptibility to Amphotericin B, Miconazole and Nystatin was tested using the disc diffusion method. The activity of aqueous and alcoholic clove extracts (25%, 50%, 100%) and pure clove oil (Eugenol) was evaluated using a welldiffusion assay.

Hypovitaminosis D is an escalating global health concern, yet high-power baseline mapping of its epidemiological burden across North Africa remains limited. Despite Libya’s abundant solar irradiance, localized studies suggest widespread vitamin D depletion. This study systematically pooled nationwide prevalence, clinical stratifications, temporal trends, and publication bias for vitamin D deficiency in Libya.A random-effects  systematic meta-analysis pooled  data  from  20  observational  studies  across  Western,  Eastern,  and Southern Libya, including 7,167 participants. Deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <20 ng/mL. Between-study heterogeneity was explored using univariable and multivariable random-effects meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed with Egger’s regression, Begg’s rank correlation, and  trim-and-fill  analysis.The  pooled  national  prevalence  of  vitamin  D deficiency   was   71.07%   (95%   CI:   64.91%–76.81%),   with   substantial heterogeneity (I² = 96.2%; Cochran’s Q = 502.14; P < 0.0001). Pregnant women showed the highest subgroup prevalence at 80.02% (95% CI: 74.88%–84.31%), while the Southern desert region had the highest regional burden at 75.14% (95% CI: 71.05%–78.83%). Univariable meta-regression identified a significant temporal decline in prevalence (β = -0.041; P = 0.029). The multivariable model explained 24.15% ofbetween-study variance. Bias testing showed no significant funnel plot asymmetry. The findings confirm a Libyan “Mediterranean solar paradox,” where abundant sunlight does not ensure adequate vitamin D status. National prevention should prioritize food fortification, antenatal and pediatric supplementation, and standardized diagnostic assays.

Background: The failure of spontaneous remyelination represents a critical therapeutic barrier in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating pathologies. While genetic epidemiological studies have consistently linked Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) polymorphisms to disease susceptibility and severity, the specific cellular mechanisms translating these risk haplotypes into regenerative failure have remained unresolved. Methods: To deconstruct the demyelinated lesion microenvironment, we utilized high-resolution single-nucleus transcriptomics across distinct VDR genotypic cohorts (Risk vs. Wildtype). We integrated topological intercellular communication modelling to map shifts in local cellular crosstalk and employed computational pseudo time trajectory inference to evaluate the direct developmental consequences of genetic risk on the complete oligodendrocyte lineage. Results: Our analysis revealed a profound and targeted transcriptomic collapse of the RXRA heterodimer specifically within the resident microglial compartment of the VDR-Risk cohort. This intrinsic receptor uncoupling functionally neutralized the microglial neuroprotective state, resulting in a near-total cessation of Prosaposin (PSAP) secretion. Trajectory inference demonstrated that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) deprived of this critical microglial PSAP-GPR37 trophic signalling axis suffered a severe developmental stall, structurally preventing their terminal maturation into functional, myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Conclusions: These findings shift the pathophysiological paradigm of VDR genetic risk from generalized neuroinflammation to a highly targeted disruption of microglial oligodendroglia crosstalk. The RXRA-mediated PSAP-GPR37 signalling cascade is identified as a pivotal mechanistic vulnerability, offering a novel, targeted therapeutic pathway to overcome remyelination arrest.