The demand for drinking water is increasing daily due to the rising world population, alongside the leakage of water, overuse of groundwater, and occurrence of several pollution issues that led to reducing the quality of groundwater. Consequently, in most countries purifying water technologies have been used to obtain drinkable water. Nationally, Libyans use the purified water extensively in their daily needs. Accordingly, to ensure that our citizen utilize harmless water, the quality of the used water and the efficiency of purification units was assessed by analyzing several physical and chemical characteristics of purified water and raw water supplied to the purification units from some local wells and man-made river (MMR) using recommended standard methods. The study results showed that the quality of purified water is excellent, and the purification process reduced the pH, electro conductivity and the concentration of studied chemical properties significantly to values less than the optimum levels (OL) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Libyan standards (LS) for drinking water. As a conclusion, the studied purified water may use in the daily needs of human with continuously analytical monitoring.

This study proposes a novel approach by adding Portland limestone cement (PLC) to preplaced aggregate steel fiber reinforced concrete (PASFRC) to create a sustainable concrete that minimizes CO2 emissions and cement manufacturing energy usage. The method involves injected a flowable grout after premixing and preplacing steel-fibers and aggregates in the formwork. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of a novel sustainable concrete that uses PLC and steel fibers. To achieve the intended objective, long and short end-hooked steel fibers of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 6% were incorporated in PASFRC. Also, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the data. Results indicated that PLC and higher fiber doses increased the mechanical properties of PAC. At 90 days, PASFRC mixtures containing 6% long steel fibers demonstrated superior compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, registering the highest values of 49.8 MPa, 7.7 MPa, and 10.9 MPa, respectively and differed by 188%, 166%, and 290%, respectively from fiberless PAC. The study confirmed the suitability and effectiveness of using PLC with steel fibers in PAC which significantly improved the mechanical properties of PASFRC. This was verified through analytical analysis and new empirical equations were proposed to predict the mechanical properties of PASFRC.

Abstract: This study aims to analyzing demographic data of patients, isolate and identify Candida species, which causes vaginal infections, and a study of its prevalence among pregnant women in Sorman city, Libya.210 specimens collected from patients admitted to the Maternity Care Center in the combined clinic. carried immediately to the Microbiology Laboratory in the National Cancer Institute, Subrata, Libya for direct microscopy, culturing, and characterization. Each participant was given an interview questionnaire and asked about their age, educational level, employment position, and history of recurrent vaginal yeast infection. Chronic diseases were also listed on the data collecting form. Identification of Candida species using Chrome agar: A total of 100 isolates have been recovered in this study, of which 72isolates were obtained as pure cultures on Chrome agar medium. According to their color on Chrome agar, these 72 colonies were categorized to 5 main species namely Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Genotypic identification of Candida species in this investigation was validated by the ITS tree. Eight strains from this investigation were found in the Candida albicans clade, which had a high bootstrap value of 99 percent ML/99 percent MP. These were therefore identified as Candida albicans., Within the Candida glabrata clade, three isolates were grouped together, demonstrating a strong support value of 99% ML/99%MP. These strains were recognized as belonging to the C. glabrata species, while one isolate was recognized as belonging to the C. tropicalis species, with a high support value of 99% ML/99%MP.

 Keywords: VVC infections, candidemia patients, genotypic identification, and Candida albicans

Abstract: The current study was aimed for isolation, identification and preservation of mycobiota associated with the olive oil processing wastes (Fatura) collected from different cities in Al-Gabal Al-Gharby, Libya, screening the cold-active lipolytic activity of the isolated fungi and selection of the highest cold-active lipase producers. 31 fungal species belong to 12 genera were isolated from these samples with total CFUs of 29560. Fusarium was the most common genus at total CFUs of 9020 and comprising 30.51% from all fungi, followed by Aspergillus, that recorded 25.44% from all fungi. Penicillium was ranked third, nine different species were present. A total of 100% of samples were found to have CFUs of 5140 and 17.4% of all fungi. On lipase production agar medium at two temperatures, 10 and 20°C, 102 fungal isolates from 31 species were tested for their lipolytic activity. The majority of fungi could produce lipase activity at 20°C, where 98 out of 102 isolates the highest lipase producers was higher at 10°C (25) than at 20°C (16). The most active isolates were Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Molecular identification of the most active four isolates was carried out by sequencing their internal transcribed spacer region (ITS).

 Keyword: Olive oil, cold active enzymes, Lipase, fungi, lipolytic activity, Fatura.

 Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be sever leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition. Aim: This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from Enteromorpha intestinalis and Caulerpa prolifera as antibacterial agents. Methods: E. intestinalis was collected from Western Libyan Coast and C. prolifera was collected from Farwa Island. The antimicrobial activity and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of algal flavonoid containing extracts was performed in vitro against some positive and negative Gram bacteria. Results: Crude extract containing flavonoids from E. intestinalis were more effective than C. prolifera extract against Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial essay (25-28+1 and 14.5-37.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (50 and 50-250 µg/mL), MBC (75 and 75-250 µg/mL). In Bacillus cereus, the antimicrobial assay (19-24.5+0.5-1.5: 24+1), MIC (50-250 + 100 µg/mL) and MBC (250 and 125 µg/mL). On the other hand, flavonoids containing extract from C. prolifera were more effective than E. intestinalis against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 EHEC O157 (25-28+1: 14-18.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250:100-500 µg/mL) and MBC (150-250 and 250-500 µg/mL). Salmonella enterica qualitatively combat by flavonoid from E. intestinalis (13.5-14+0.5-1: 10.5-13.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250: 250 µg/mL) and MBC (100-250: 250 µg/mL). Flavonoids from C. prolifera (4 strains: 2 strains) were effective against S. enterica. Crude flavonoids from both algae were not effective against Bacillus pumilus. Conclusion: Data from this study could conclude that flavonoid extracts from E. intestinalis and C. prolifera could be used against foodborne bacterial agents

Abstract—The majority of Neoproterozoic rocks exposed in southern Libya, are comprised of intrusive coarse-grained porphyritic, two-mica, and high K-calc alkaline granite. The Jabal Fezzan Granite (JFG) is located in southwestern Libya. In this study, trace elements and whole-rock geochemistry have been used to understand the origin and the process of petrogenesis of the studied granites. The JFG is high-Si, Rb, Y, Nb, and (ASI values greater than 1.1). Mineralogically, it is characterized by the presence of minor muscovite and biotite and a lack of hornblende, exhibiting features of S-type granites, and having a character that belongs to an alkali-calcic series. According to geochemical value, light REE-enriched, characterized by moderate

enrichments in LREE (La/Sm), HREE, and weak negative Eu-anomalies. The geochemical modeling of the reveals that the JFG derived from the melting of the crust and underwent high fractional crystallization of plagioclase and K-feldspar at (H-P) conditions (750–980°C/1–4 GPa). The Jabal Fezzan (JFG(~50%) ) formed during Pan-African orogenic events during the destabilization of the interior Saharan metacraton due to compression stress and transpressive movements along pre-existing weakness and reactivation of shear zones inherited from Paleoproterozoic evolution. The Neoproterozoic basement forms the northernmost margin of the intracratonic Muruzq Basin, as evidenced by (greenschist facies) and intruded granitic rocksderived at the syn-collision stage (630–540 Ma)

(JFG) .

Background

Safe anaesthesia and surgery are a public health imperative. There are few data describing outcomes for children undergoing anesthesia and surgery in Africa. We aimed to get robust epidemiological data to describe patient care and outcomes for children undergoing anesthesia and surgery in hospitals in Africa.

Methods

This study was a 14-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study of children (aged <18 years) undergoing surgery in Africa. We recruited as many hospitals as possible across all levels of care (first, second, and third) providing surgical treatment. Each hospital recruited all eligible children for a 14-day period commencing on the date chosen by each participating hospital within the study recruitment period from Jan 15 to Dec 23, 2022. Data were collected prospectively for consecutive patients on paper case record forms. The primary outcome was in-hospital postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery and the secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality within 30 days after surgery. We also collected hospital-level data describing equipment, facilities, and protocols available. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05061407.

Findings

We recruited 8625 children from 249 hospitals in 31 African countries. The mean age was 6·1 (SD 4·9) years, with 5675 (66·0%) of 8600 children being male. Most children (6110 [71·2%] of 8579 patients) were from category 1 of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score undergoing elective surgery (5325 [61·9%] of 8604 patients). Postoperative complications occurred in 1532 (18·0%) of 8515 children, predominated by infections (971 [11·4%] of 8538 children). Deaths occurred in 199 (2·3%) of 8596 patients, 169 (84·9%) of 199 patients following emergency surgeries. Deaths following postoperative complications occurred in 166 (10·8%) of 1530 complications. Operating rooms were reported as safe for anaesthesia and surgery for neonates (121 [54·3%] of 223 hospitals), infants (147 [65·9%] of 223 hospitals), and children younger than 6 years (188 [84·3%] of 223 hospitals).