Global population is growing rapidly. As a result, increasingly large areas are being settled and

farmed. This devastates soils and causes pollution by heavy metals and other components. Heavy metals in

the environment originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources generally include

rock weathering and the propagation of heavy metals, such as Cr and Ni, from ultrabasic rocks. These are natural

processes that generally do not threaten human health. Anthropogenic sources include industry and inappropriate

disposal of waste in the environment. In such cases concentrations of heavy metals can be harmful

to people and other living beings. Al Zintan is a city located in northwestern Libya, on a plateau mainly built

up of Cretaceous sediments. Since the 1980’s, nomadic population has rapidly been settling this area. As a

result, a former part of the desert was transformed and is used for farming. Soil sampling at Al Zintan was

conducted in 2017, across a 2×2 km grid. A total of 143 samples were collected from depths of about 30 cm.

The samples weighed 2 to 2.5 kg and generally comprised sand with a clay component. A Niton Xl3t goldd+

instrument was used for chemical analyses, based on which GIS heavy-metal distribution maps were generated.

The distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn is discussed on the paper.

The Aqaba complex located at the southeastern of Jordan, exposes coexisting mafic-felsic association typical of syn-to pre-plate collision magmatism. The bulk of the pluton is made of quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorite. New U-Pb zircon dating revealed a synchronous emplacement of the granite (605 ± 4.6 and 617±3.7 Ma), granodiorite (613 ±4.4, 612 ±3.6 and 611.8±4.9 Ma) and quartz monzonite (608± 5.4 Ma). The whole-rock geochemistry indicate that the source for the quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorites could have been a continental arc-derived from mantle sources and mature metagreywackes. Melting of this crustal material was subduction related , which could have been an enriched mantle-derived melt contaminated. The Aqaba complex is a part of a the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) are juvenile in character, Neoproterozoic, including in addition five large plutonic suites ; Rahma , Darba , Rumman,Urf and Yutum suite. The genesis of these suites were likely induced by mantle-derived magma in the shallow crust while their spatially and temporally discrete emplacement at shallow levels was probably related to the (extensional) of lithospheric boundaries, which represent a feasible fertile source for such granitoids.

In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune response of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.5% or 1% over 45 days. Every 15 days, respiratory burst, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were measured, and at the end of the study, haematological responses, growth performance and digestive enzyme activity were investigated. Respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared with the control group (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.1% and 1% extract groups. At the end of the study, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly increased in the 0.1% group compared with the other groups. The feed concentration ratio was decreased in the 0.1% and 1% groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). Haematological parameters were affected by A. graveolens extract intake (P ˂ 0.05). The total white and red blood counts, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value were highest in the 0.1% extract group (P ˂ 0.05). However, the mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were decreased in the 0.5% group (P ˂ 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, amylase and lipase) in all experimental groups was significantly elevated compared with the control (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated an immunostimulatory and growth-promoting effect and increasing digestive enzyme activity of C. carpio supplemented with an A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract.

Abstract. Coban Rondo waterfall is threated to have been polluted due to the tourism activity. Analysis of the water quality is essential to provide the basis for judging the suitability of water for its designated uses and improving its conditions. This study aims to analyze the water physical and chemical parameters of Coban Rondo waterfall in Pujon, Malang Indonesia. Three locations including upstream, waterfall, and downstream were the sources of the water samples taken during the rainy season. The study analyzes 12 water quality parameters consisting of 5 physical parameters and 7 chemical parameters. Using ANOVA, cluster analyses, and Biplot to analyze the water quality, the research results indicated that water and air temperatures were high in the upstream. The value of pH from 6.9 to 7.4, DO from 8 to 11 mg/L, conductivity from 0.106-0.112dS/m, turbidity 3.3 NTU to 7.6 NTU, water debit4 x 105 L/s and total phosphate from 0.5to 0.07 mg/L were higher in the downstream area, while the concentration of nitrate from 5 to 30 mg/L, orthophosphate 1.0 to 1.4 mg/L, COD from 14 to 22 mg/Land BOD 10.8 to 15.6mg/L was highest in the upstream. It indicates that the human activity in Coban Rondo has affected the water quality. Based on Indonesia government regulation No. 82/2001, the water in Coban Rondo was still suitable for irrigation and tourism (Class II), except BOD level.

Keyword: Coban Rondo waterfall, physical chemical parameters, water quality.

Abstract

Purpose In this literature review, functional outcomes such as Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain along with clinical outcomes such as range of movement and grip strength of treated distal radius fractures (DRF) accompanied with ulnar styloid fractures (USF) will be compared with those with isolated DRF. Materials and Methods We analyzed articles from MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL that met our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statements. This resulted in the identification of 464 articles with 18 potentially eligible studies of which 6 were included at the full-text screening stage. The primary outcomes were wrist pain, range of motion, functional outcome and satisfaction, such as VAS, and the DASH questionnaire along with radiological assessment and incidence of complications. Results These studies involved 796 participants with DRF and 806 wrists with DRF; 444 (55%) of DRF had an associated USF. Three studies did not report any statistically significant difference in DASH scores between the DRF patients with or without USF. Two studies reported worse DASH scores in the group with associated USF. Wrist pain was reported to be statistically significantly worse in patients with associated USF in two studies. Grip strength did not exhibit a statistically significant difference in any groups in four studies. On assessing the range of motion of the wrist and forearm, only one study reported a statistically significant difference in flexion at 2 years follow-up, with less flexion in patients with USF. Conclusion This review suggests that there is no significant correlation between a USF and the functional and clinical outcomes of DRF treatment, albeit wrist pain and less flexion were reported in some studies to be associated with USF. There is a need for more robust evidence from large randomized controlled trials to specifically look at the effects of fixation versus nonfixation of USF on DRF, or large prospective cohort studies assessing DRF with and without USF, with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. Level of Evidence Level II-therapeutic.

The in vitro cell culture environment can impact on cell biochemistry and cell cycle. The manifestation of such substrate-induced changes in cell cycle in the Raman microspectroscopic profiles of cell cultures is investigated at the level of nucleolus, nucleus and cytoplasm. HeLa immortalised human cervical cells and HaCaT dermal cells were cultured on three different substrates, conventional polystyrene cell culture dishes, CaF2 slides as a commonly used Raman substrate, and glass slides coated with Collagen Rat Tail, as a mimic of the extra cellular matrix (ECM) environment. A cell cycle study, based on percentage DNA content, as determined using Propidium Iodide staining and monitored by flow cytometry, was performed on cells of both types, grown on the different substrates, confirming that the in vitro cell culture environment impacts significantly on the cell cycle. Live cell in vitro Raman spectroscopic analysis of cells on the 2D CaF2 and 3D Collagen substrates was performed and data was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA). The spectroscopic analysis revealed differences in profiles which reflect the differences in cell cycle for both in vitro culture environments. In particular, the Raman spectra of cells 2 grown on CaF2 show indicators of cell stress, which are also associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. This work contributes to the field of Raman spectroscopic analysis by providing a fresh look at the significance of the effect of in vitro culture environment to cell cycle and the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy to such differences in cell metabolism.