Infertility is a worldwide health issue with high impact on the individuals involved and the society as a whole. Estimates of infertility are very important to inform social and economic policies. The aim of this systematic literature review is to estimate the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and produce the overall estimate of the different indicators of infertility in MENA region. A systematic search was conducted to identify publications providing data from MENA countries. All titles and abstracts retrieved using this search strategy were managed by Endnote software, duplicates were removed and studies on animals, systematic reviews, and from non-MENA region was removed from the EndNote library. Seven electronic databases and websites were searched for relevant articles and surveys with no language or date restriction on July 2017. Data of prevalence 

Hadoop has been developed as a platform solution for processing a large scale of data in parallel for different applications in Cloud com-puting. A Hadoop system can be characterized based on three main factors: cluster, workload, and user. Each of these factors can be described in heterogeneous environment, which reflects the heterogeneity degree of the Hadoop system. This paper investigates the effect of heterogeneity in each of these factors on the performance of Hadoop for different schedulers. Three schedulers which consider differ-ent levels of Hadoop heterogeneity are used for the analysis: FIFO, Fair sharing, and COSHH (Classification and Optimization based Scheduler for Heterogeneous Hadoop). Performance issues are introduced for Hadoop schedulers and comparative performance analysis between different cases of jobs submission. These jobs are processed in heterogeneous data environments and, under fixed or reconfigu-rable slot between map and reduce tasks for Hadoop MapReduce java programming clustering model. The results showed that when assigning tunable knob between map and reduce tasks under certain scheduler like FIFO algorithm, the performance enhanced about 81.42% especially in cases of heterogeneity environment where the workload is decreased significantly and the utilization of computa-tional resources in increased obviously.

Hadoop is a Java-based programming framework that supports the storing and processing of large data sets in a distributed computing environment and it is very much appropriate for high volume of data. It uses HDFS for data storing and uses MapReduce for processing that data. MapReduce is a popular programming model to support data-intensive applications using shared-nothing clusters. The main objective of MapReduce programming model is to parallelize the job execution across multiple nodes for execution. Nowadays, all focus of the researchers and companies toward to Hadoop. Due to this, many scheduling algorithms have been proposed in the past decades. There are three important scheduling issues in MapReduce such as locality, synchronization and fairness. The most common objective of scheduling algorithms is to minimize the completion time of a parallel application and also achieve to these issues. Performance issues are introduced for Hadoop schedulers, and comparative performance analysis between different cases of jobs submission. These jobs are processed in different homogenous data environment and, under fixed or reconfigurable slot between map and reduce tasks for Hadoop MapReduce java programming clustering model. The results showed that when assigning tunable knob between map and reduce tasks under certain scheduler like FIFO algorithm, the performance enhanced 16.66% in inverted index, 55.55% in word count and 11.76% in classification process.

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of a dietary supplementation of Tilia tomentosa on blood parameters and non-specific immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). With this aim, common carp (4.35 ± 0.16 g) were fed with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 4.35 ± 0.16 g, were supplemented with a celery (Tilia tomentosa) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% during 45 days. Every 15 days of the study, blood indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC), and immune parameters such as lysozyme, respiratory burst, and myeloperoxidase activities were investigated. The results indicated that fish fed diet supplemented with 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% T. tomentosa extract had no significant differences compared with the control on the 15th, 30th, and 45th days of the experiment (P > 0.05) except MCV of 0.1% on the 30th day of the experiment which had highest recorded value compared with other groups (P ˂ 0.05). MCHC of the control on the 30th day of the experiment also had highest recorded result compared with other groups. (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.01% and 0.1% experimental groups (P ˂ 0.05). At the end of the study, respiratory burst activity decreased on the 15th day and 30th day of the study on 0.01% and 0.1% groups (P ˂ 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was not affected in all experimental groups compared to control (P > 0.05). These results suggested that Tilia tomentosa has some immunomodulatory effects in common carp

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Chenopodium album methanolic extract supplemented with fish diet on non-specific immune activity and hematological parameters of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Common carp (2.4 ± 0.1 g) were divided into four main groups in triplicate (twelve aquariums, 40 fish per aquarium) fed diet containing three doses of C. album extract, CA 0, CA 0.01%, CA 0.05% and CA 0.1% kg diet individually for 45 days. The samples were collected every 15 days. The results indicated that Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was significantly increased in all experimental groups at 15 and 30 days, lysozyme activity was significantly increased in all the experimental groups at 15 days. While, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in all experimental groups at all experimental periods, 15, 30 and 45 days compared to the control groups. Regarding hematological parameters, a significantly decreased in WBC and insignificantly changes in (RBC, Hb, HCT, MCH, MCV and MCHC in all experimental groups compared with the control. The results indicated that the supplementation of methanolic extract of Chenopodium album to carp diet was beneficial because it increases innate immune response.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on digestive enzyme activities and growth performance of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% over 45 d. At the end of the study, digestive enzyme activity and growth performance were investigated. Results of this study showed that the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 0.01% group compared with the other groups. The feed concentration ratio was decreased in the 0.01% and 1% groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, amylase and lipase) in all experimental groups was significantly elevated compared with the control (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated growth-promoting effect and increasing digestive enzyme activity of C. carpio supplemented with an A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract. 

Abstract: The digestive enzymes activity and the growth performance effect to the methanolic extract of Chenopodium album supplementation were examined in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Common carp (2.4 ± 0.1 g) were fed diets containing three doses of Chenopodium album extract (CA 0, CA 0.01%, CA 0.05% and CA 0.1% / kg of feed) individually for 45 days. The results indicated that trypsin and lipase activities were a significantly increased in 0.5% and 1% treated groups. While, amylase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared to the control. Final weight and weight gain were significantly enhanced in 0.01% and 0.1% treated groups. FCR and SR were insignificant changes in all experimental groups. While, SGR was significantly increased in all treated groups compared to the control. The results concluded that the supplementation of methanolic extract of Chenopodium album to carp diet could stimulate the digestive enzymes secretion and some growth performance parameters.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on immune and haematological responses of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% over 45 d. Every 15 d, respiratory burst, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were measured, and at the end of the study, haematological responses were investigated. The result showed that respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared with the control group (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.01% and 0.1% extract groups. Haematological parameters were affected by A. graveolens extract intake (P ˂ 0.05). The total white and red blood counts, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value were highest in the 0.1% extract group (P ˂ 0.05). However, the mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were decreased in the 0.05% group (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated an immunostimulatory effect of A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract for common carp. 

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Tilia tomentosa on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight of 4.35 ± 0.16 g, were fed diet with supplemented with a celery (Tilia tomentosa) aqueous methanolic extract at the dose of 0 mg kg-1 (control), 100 mg kg-1 , 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 during 45 days. At the end of the study, the final weight was significantly increased in the 100 mg kg-1 , and 1 mg kg-1 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The weight gain rate was also significantly increased in the experimental groups’ compared with the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in the 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). The specific growth rate was significantly increased in the 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 groups compared with control group (P < 0.05). The digestive enzymes activity (Amylase, lipase and trypsin) was also measured and no significant differences in the enzymes activities were determined at the end of the study compared to control (P > 0.05). 

Natural abundance of the larval ectoparasitoid Diglyphus isaea walker was estimated on three summer host plants [tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum), eggplants (Solanum melongena)] in Ojilate region. The parasitoid recorded low abundance in April on all studied host plants. Then developed high populations in May and June, the population then decreased by the end of the successive season. The parasitoid D. isaea showed 2-3 peaks of abundance on all investigated host plants, the highest one recorded 36, 29, and 16 individuals/ 50 infested leaflets on tomatoes, eggplant, and bell pepper respectively. The highest monthly average numbers in June on tomatoes recorded 26.25±3.86, in May on eggplants recorded 20.25±6.50, and in June on bell pepper recorded (20.25±6.50 individuals/ 50 infested leaflets). Moreover the highest average monthly percentages of parasitism occurred in May recorded (45.71±27.66, 41.04±25.13 and 25.19±11.19) on tomatoes, eggplants and bell pepper respectively