Abstract. The growth of lampenflora detracts the natural beauty of cave walls, and threatens their archaeological value.

This is a real problem in Malaysian caves, therefore, an attempt should be made to eliminate these unwanted microorganisms. Ultraviolet light destroys harmful microbes such as bacteria, yeast. molds, viruses and algae, and ultraviolet radiation is less toxic to cave dwellers such as birds, reptiles and visitors. So ultraviolet radiation can be a way to control microorganisms or reduce their numbers. In this study. we studied the effect of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms isolated from selected Malaysian caves to control and eliminate them AlterS minutes exposure, 254mm UV-C effectively eliminated colonies of Pseudomonas aerginosa and Stenotrophomonas sp. But P. guilliermondi and

R. dairenensis were eliminated to the zero after 30 mivutes of treatment, but C. Liquefaciens needed 60 minutes to be treated. Synechochococcus sp and Micractinium sp. fell to zero after exposure to 240 of UV-C

Over the recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of women belonging to the Internet population. With this increase, researchers have begun to investigate the role of gender in information technology (IT) adoption and its related innovations, including e-commerce. Despite the large body of research on the topic, we know of no work that specifically reviews the literature regarding gender differences in these domains. To address this gap, we systematically reviewed the recent literature (in the period 2000–2017) regarding gender differences in IT adoption and six related behaviors and responses: online shopping adoption, online trust, attitude and satisfaction with e-commerce, website design preferences, and information processing strategies. Findings from the current review indicated that, in general, men are more likely to try a new IT and shop online than women

Study question: What are the overall estimate of the different indicators of infertility in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region? Summary answer: The overall clinical primary and total infertility rate in the MENA region are (3.8%, 95% Cl = 1.7-8.4) and (17.2%, 95% Cl = 10.6-26.7) respectively.

The development of Semantic Web technology has fueled the creation of a large amount of Linked Open Data. DBpedia is a good example of an open data repository extracted from the crowd sourced knowledge base, Wikipedia. Because of the way Wikipedia and DBpedia were created, the information available there is more vulnerable to grammatical errors, inconsistency, structures, and, data type problems. The introduction of the Arabic chapter of DBpedia created additional problems due to the nature of the language, when it comes to quality assessment issues. In this paper1, we focus on identifying challenges in quality assessment of Arabic DBpedia, as well as analysis of existing tools and methodologies used for Linked Data quality assessments.