Abstract Introduction: Abdominal wall defects (AWD) are a common problem that can become difficult to manage, especially when the defect is large and resources are limited (silo and TPN). Methods: Retrospectively, 85 medical records of patients who have been admitted to TMC over a decade (2005 - 2015) were studied. The defects have been categorized into three groups: omphalocele minor, omphalocele major and gastroschisis. The aim is compare the outcomes within these three groups between developed and developing nations. Results: Out of 85 neonates with abdominal wall defects, 50 are males and 35 are females. 58 patients had omphalocele minor, 16 omphalocele major and 11 with gastroschisis. Associated congenital anomalies are reported in 45% of omphalocele groups (1 and 2) and in 27% of gastroschisis group. Post-operative morbidity rate among the omphalocele groups (1 and 2) is 27.37%, and 54.54% among gastroschisis group. Mortality rate among the group one is 3.45%, group two 12.5%, and group three 27.27%. The mortality rate among the two patients who received devices was 50%. Conclusion: Omphalocele can be treated effectively in the developing world; however, gastroschisis cases need more sophisticated supportive measures to reach the reported rates.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis causes sufferers much discomfort. Phytotherapy with garlic has been reported to be a possible alternative form of treatment; however, it is unknown why patients report varying success with this strategy. Fresh garlic extract has been shown to down-regulate the putative virulence gene, SIR2 in C. albicans. Our study aimed to see if previous observations were reproducible for the gene responsible for Candidalysin (ECE1). Two clinical strains from patients with reported variable efficacy of using garlic for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis were compared through biofilm assays and antimicrobial susceptibility. Real-time PCR was used to assess changes in gene expression when exposed to garlic. Treatment with fresh garlic extract and pure allicin (an active compound produced in cut garlic) resulted in a decrease in SIR2 expression in all strains. In contrast, ECE1 expression was up-regulated in a reference strain and an isolate from a patient unresponsive to garlic therapy, while in an isolate from a patient responsive to garlic therapy, down-regulation of ECE1 occurred. future studies that investigate the effectiveness of phytotherapies should take into account possible varying responses of individual strains and that gene expression may be amplified in the presence of serum.

Abstract. The paper examines the process of creating and publishing an Arabic Linked Drug Dataset based on open drug datasets from selected Arabic countries and discusses quality issues considered in the linked data lifecycle when establishing a semantic Data Lake in the pharmaceutical domain. Through representation of the data in an open machine-readable format, the approach provides an optimum solution for information and dissemination of data and for building specialized applications. Authors contribute to opening the drug datasets from Arabic countries, interlinking the data with diverse repositories such as DrugBank, and DBpedia, and publishing it in a standard open manner that allows further integration and building different business services on top of the integrated data. This paper showcases how drug industry can take full advantage of the emerging trends for building competitive advantages. However, as is elaborated in this paper, better understanding of the specifics of the Arabic language is needed in order to extend the usage of linked data technologies in Arabic companies.

Two pyrazolo[4,3-b] pyridine derivatives namely; 2,3-dihydro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (L1) and 2,3-dihydro-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (L2) were prepared. The thermal analysis showed that the L1 is stable up to 266 °C, whereas L2 is stable up to 376 °C. The L1 and L2 powders were found to have polycrystalline structure in which their lattice parameters and Miller indices were determined. Thin films of L1 and L2 were deposited by thermal evaporation technique. The absorption spectra of the films were measured, from which the optical band gap of L1 and L2 films was estimated as 2.72 and 2.83 eV, respectively. Two devices based on the films of both materials, independently, were deposited onto p-Si single crystal substrates, were fabricated and showed rectification behavior. The current

The aim of this study is to investigate whether and how Serbian companies manage earnings to avoid losses and to avoid earnings decreases. The empirical evidence found in this study shows that there is a discontinuity in the distribution of reported earnings around the zero earnings benchmark suggesting that Serbian companies engage in earnings management to avoid reporting losses. Furthermore, this continuity disappears when we subtracted discretionary accruals from reported earnings indicating that Serbian companies use discretionary accruals as a tool for earnings management. However, the distribution of earnings does not provide evidence that Serbian companies manage earnings to avoid earnings decreases. These results are robust to alternative methods of scaling earnings and various ways of estimating discretionary accruals.