Technology has become an essential part of education today, and learning environment has changed from that of many years ago; students need to use technology as an alternative effective learning tool for learning English language as a foreign language (EFL). Most of current studies in the educational use of social media seem to pay more attention to the students' use of Facebook in learning. This research explores 14 university learners use of Facebook group and it mainly focuses on lecturers' role in Facebook group. This qualitative study involved observation and some interview questions. Current findings highlight that there are potential benefits to using Facebook for learning with reference that these students still need a guideline and support from their lecturers to learn English via Facebook. This paper suggests that considerable students' content knowledge of educational technology as Facebook is required to improve their learning. This study hopes to add and expand current body of knowledge about learning English in relation to Facebook used in English foreign language context. 

SUMMARY

This thesis entitled comprises four chapters and ends with alist of references.

The first chapter covers the literature up to date of the reaction of nucleophilic substitution reactions and their different mechanisms.then describes .of preparation of the methods

the procedure used to determina the rate constant for the reaction and kinetic data

then deals the discussion and interpretation of the results from the above mentioned reaction .

application of Hammett relationship . and application of Bronsted equation

Digital technologies witnessed rapid advancements in many domains such as computing, programming, cloud computing, data storing, networking, satellite broadcasting, mobile technologies, but increasingly also in the natural sciences, such as medicine, biology, chemistry, pharmacy, etc. These advancements lead to a massive explosion in data volumes which expected to exceed 175ZB (175x1021 Byte) by end of the year 2025. When data size exceeds normal manageable storable sizes, it will be called “big data”. Organizing and analyzing this “big data” with appropriate tools would produce quite valuable results helping decisions and policymakers. Big data also can assist significantly improve the life quality of much of the world’s population. The United Nations, governments, non-profitable and other organizations are utilizing big data to assist achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), a set of 17 targets pertinent to protect the natural environment, fighting hunger and poverty, reducing inequality, improving health outcomes and other things that will make life better around the world. Big data analysis could be used in many ways to enhance the understanding of the progress towards the SDGs, specify how best to meet SDGs targets, and ensure accountability. The UN has set up a task team to explore how to use big data to help achieve the SDGs. A survey by the task team found that big data projects most frequently focused on the “no poverty” goal, it was found that mobile phone data was the most common data source.

Abstract:

Nepeta cyrenaica Quézel & Zaffran (Lamiaceae), an endemic species of Libyan flora, is here characterized for the first time for its phytochemical composition and biological activities. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibiting effects of extracts, prepared from five-week-old in vitro propagated N. cyrenaica shoots, were evaluated. Extraction was performed using dichloromethane, methanol, 96% ethanol or hot distilled water. LC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract contained the highest amount of phenolic components, especially ferulic and rosmarinic acids (1300.73 mg/kg and 528.88 mg/kg, respectively), and epigallocatechin gallate (719.05 mg/kg). The strongest antioxidant activity was recorded for aqueous extract in DPPH assay (66.91%) and dichloromethane extract in β-carotene bleaching assay (81.06%), both tested at the concentration of 2 mg/mL. Concerning α-glucosidase inhibition, dichloromethane extract was shown to possess a higher inhibition capacity than acarbose at the concentration of 2 mg/mL (95.33% vs. 88.29%). The aqueous extract exhibited higher acetylcholinesterase inhibition than the other tested extracts, which was lower compared to the positive control, galantamine. Although methanol extract contained the highest amount of polyphenolics, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were shown to be more suitable for the extraction of bioactive components. In conclusion, endemic N. cyrenaica could be efficiently propagated through in vitro propagation protocols as a polyphenolic-rich plant with valuable medicinal potential.

Keywords: biological activities; extracts; in vitro propagation; Nepeta cyrenaica