Environmental factors are known to influence carcinogenesis. Procarcinogens, such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are examples of these environmental factors. Procarcinogens are chemically inert and require bioactivation, via enzymes such as Cytochrome P450 (CYP). CYP1A1 isoform, regulated by Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), plays a significant role in the bioactivation of PAHs and HAs. AhR has multiple co-activators and co-repressors, of which SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors) has been identified as a major co-repressor for AhR. In the present study we examined the effect of SMRT over expression on the Cyp1a1 mRNA levels in murine hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cell line. Hepa 1c1c7 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and competent cells were successfully produced using calcium chloride method. Cells were transformed using plasmid DNA and Lipofectamine. TCDD was employed as an inducing agent for CYP1A1. Total cellular RNA was isolated and real-time PCR of Cyp1a1 was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student–Newman–Keul’s test. Our results showed that, cells transfected with the co-repressor SMRT has lower TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA without affecting constitutive Cyp1a1 mRNA levels, i.e., SMRT was able to significantly decrease inducible Cyp1a1 mRNA levels in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Moreover, our work demonstrated that calcium chloride is a convenient method for routine transformation. Our work will open new avenues for treatment of carcinogenesis involving CYP1A1 inducing carcinogens.

Background and aims. Open reading frames (ORFs) are sections of a reading frame that do not include any stop codons. A reading frame is a sequence of nucleotide triplets read as codons indicating amino acids; a single strand of DNA has three potential reading frames. Long ORFs in a DNA sequence may represent possible protein-coding areas. In addition to extended ORFs, which assist in gene locus prediction, there is yet another type of ORFS known as small open reading frames (smORFs), which have 100 codons or fewer. Methods. We develop an offline, cross-platform, and dependable detection tool for regular ORFs and smORFs prevalent in biomedical studies. Results. In this work, the most ORFs were found in the Bos taurus (Cattle) Insulin gene, which had 17 consecutive ORFs, while the fewest ORFs were reported in the Cani's lupus (Dog) Insulin gene, which had only 4 ORFs. Conclusion. The software meets the expected demarcation restrictions. We strongly advise more research into the detection of nested ORFs.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the impact of supervisory behaviour on organisational commitment in Libyan Government Institutions through the mediation role of organisational justice. The population of the study is managers and employees in the capital of Tripoli and the western part of Libya. The sample size was 302, selected randomly. This study used oriented supervisory behaviour, supportive supervisory behaviour, participatory supervisory behaviour, and supervision behaviour directed at achievement as independent variables. The mediating variable is organisational justice, and the dependent variable is organisational commitment.

Results: The result confirmed a significant impact of the independent variables on organisational commitment. For the mediation effect, organisational justice mediates the relationship between supervisory behaviour, participatory supervisory behaviour, supervisory behaviour, and organisational commitment. In contrast, no significant mediation was found between supervision behaviour directed at achievement and organisational commitment.

The second stage, in which the star uses nuclear fuel in its interior, represents the helium burning phase. At that stage, three elements are synthesised: carbon, oxygen, and neon. This paper aims to establish a numerical solution for the helium burning system (HBN) fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs). The extended operative matrix method (OM) is employed in the solution of a system of differential equations. The product abundances of the four elements (helium, carbon, oxygen and neon) were obtained in a form of divergent series. These divergent series are then accelerated using Euler-Abell transformation (EUAT) and Pade approximation (EUAT-PA) to obtain more reliable results. Nine fractal-fractional (FF) gas models are calculated, and fractal-fractional parameters’ influence on product abundances is discussed. The findings show that modeling nuclear burning networks with the OM fractal-fractional derivative produces excellent results, establishing it as an accurate, resilient, and trustworthy approach, and the fractional HB models can have a considerable impact on stellar model calculations.

Background

Spinal anesthesia (SA) remains the most popular anesthetic technique for caesarean sections (CS), as it abolishes the possible risks of pregnant airway management. The ability to anticipate the episodes of hypotension following spinal anesthesia will enable anesthesiologists to interfere early and provide better patient management.

Objective

The aim of the current study was toevaluate the perfusion index and the blood pressure positional changes in the prediction of hypotension after SA in CSs.

Patients and methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zagazig University Hospitals. A total of 80 pregnant women who were prepared for elective CS delivery, aged from 18 to 40 years with ASA-II (American Society of Anesthesiologists Status), were recruited in the current study.

Results

The mean perfusion index (PI) pre-spinal was 5.81 and immediately after spinal was 4.65 with a statistically significant decrease (P<0.001). There was also a statistical difference between the mean of mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the studied cases pre-spinal at the lateral position (91.76 mmHg) and mean MAP in the supine position (83.29 mmHg) with P-value <0.001, with a mean difference of 8.48 mmHg. PI cut-off >4 had a sensitivity of 85.9%, specificity of 75%, and accuracy of 83.8% in the prediction of hypotension. The positional change in blood pressure at cut-/off >5 mmHg had a sensitivity of 82.8%, specificity of 75%, and accuracy of 81.3% in the prediction of hypotension among cases.

Conclusion

The preoperative PI and positional blood pressure change can predict spinal anesthesia