The potential association between ABO/Rh blood groups and diabetes mellitus (DM) susceptibility remains a topic of global epidemiological interest, with population-specific findings. This systematic review aims to synthesize and analyze all available evidence on the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among diabetic patients across all cities in Libya to determine any consistent national pattern or association. A systematic search was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus) and Libyan journal archives were searched. Keywords included "ABO blood group," "Rhesus factor," "diabetes mellitus," "Libya," and specific city names. Observational studies reporting ABO/Rh frequencies in Libyan diabetic patients and controls were included. Data on study characteristics, blood group distribution, and odds ratios were extracted. Four studies from four major Libyan cities (Tripoli, Benghazi, Zliten, Zintan) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 2,819 participants (1,919 diabetic patients and 900 controls). The pooled prevalence of blood group O was highest in both cases and controls. A meta-analysis of the pooled data revealed a significant association between blood group B and DM (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.86, p < 0.001). Studies from Tripoli and Benghazi individually reported this significant association, while studies from Zliten and Zintan did not. No significant association was found between Rh factor and DM risk (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.82-1.42, p = 0.59). This first systematic review from Libya indicates a potential national-level association between blood group B and an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The lack of significance in two smaller studies highlights the need for larger, standardized, multi-center national research to confirm this finding and explore underlying genetic and environmental modifiers. The ABO blood group could be considered a modest genetic risk marker in the Libyan population.

Background: Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder with significant public health implications. Limited epidemiological data are available on haemophilia in Libya, making evidence-based planning and care. Objective: To characterize hemophilia patients in Libya by examining their epidemiological, challenging clinical, and laboratory features, exploring correlations among demographic and clinical parameters, and providing an overview to improve care and analyze the frequency and patterns of bleeding disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on haemophilia patients in various regions of Libya, focusing on those registered with the Libyan Association for Hemophilia. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and laboratory records, covering demographics, haemophilia types, severity, coagulation deficiencies, antibody presence, bleeding patterns, family history, comorbidities, and treatment practices. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 230 patients were included. Most cases were concentrated in Tripoli (36.1%), followed by Zliten (8.3%), Benghazi (7%), and Al Khoms (5.2%). Haemophilia A was the most common type (67.8%), followed by haemophilia B (10.9%), von Willebrand disease (9.6%), and haemophilia C (3%). Factor VIII deficiency predominated (68.3%). Moderate severity was most frequent (50%), followed by severe (37%) and mild (13.5%) cases. Most patients were antibody-negative (80%). Joint bleeding was the most frequent site (36.5%). Kinship between parents was reported in 49.1% of cases, and 66.5% of participants reported relatives with haemophilia. Conclusion: This study highlights the predominance of haemophilia A and factor VIII deficiency in Libya, with a high proportion of moderate-to-severe cases. Joint bleeding remains the most frequent clinical complication, and consanguinity plays a considerable role in disease occurrence. Early diagnosis and targeted prevention strategies are needed to improve patient outcomes.

Abstract

The Car manufacturing sector represents a major focus in the development of the automotive industry. In this research paper, a proposed data mining application for the automotive manufacturing sector is explained and tested. The dataset was retrieved from the machine learning repository at the University of California, Irvine. This research paper aims to create a more reliable classifier for future object classification. Classification is an important technique in data mining. It is a supervised learning process that involves classifying an object into one of the predefined classes based on its attributes. In this paper, we use a large database containing 7 attributes and 1,728 instances. We compare the

results of a simple classification technique (using the J48 decision tree inference algorithm and MONK) with results based on different parameters using WEKA (Waikato Environment Knowledge Analysis), a data mining tool. The results of the experiment show a comparison between three algorithms to see which is the best and least error-prone algorithm. The physical characteristics of a car viz . Engine location ,price, how many doors, stroke, city fuel consumption, and other factors determine a vehicle's performance. Therefore, developing such a classification, although a huge undertaking, is absolutely essential in the car industry. Machine learning techniques can help integrate computer-based systems to predict vehicle quality and improve system efficiency. Classification models were trained using 214 datasets. The predicted values of the classifiers were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, and the results were compared.

Keywords: Data mining, Machine learning techniques, J48, decision trees, Car market, WEKA classification.

In Saxon granulite mountains, significant deposits of hydrosiliceous nickel are characterized by their

relevant metal content, average metal concentrations, and thickness. The hydrosilicate deposits are Nirich

residue, formed by serpentinization process, due to the replacement process of nickel in the

immediate vicinity of serpentinites and nickel-bearing ore minerals (e.g., talc, chlorite nontronite,

cordierite, nepouite, other oxides and hydroxide magnesium minerals). X-ray and chemical analysis

indicate that the study area consists mainly of nickel, magnesium silicates, and hydrosilicate minerals,

with concentration of Ni varying from 2% to a few tens of ppm. A variety of lithological compositions

are present in these deposits, which are influenced by ultramafic rocks (serpentinite), talc and chloritic

clays, etc. The analysis of the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the Ni-ores also evidences

that the sources of Ni are ultramafic rocks derived from the mantle and concentration by

serpentinitization processes under discrete tectonic and metallogenic events. An important consideration

in the economics of these deposits is the mode of occurrence of nickel ores.

Abstract The study aims to identify the adaptation strategies used by parasites to survive within the host and to clarify the mechanisms these parasites rely on to evade the host's immune system, on the one hand, and to resist antibiotics, on the other. The study also aims to propose ways to overcome these strategies and the proposed pharmacological or biological interactions. This is done using a methodology based on a literature review of previous studies and research, especially those that are reliable and free of bias in data or results. The results indicated that there are several strategies for adapting to the host, including altering surface proteins to evade immune recognition, in addition to secreting immune-suppressing molecules and hiding within protected cells or tissues such as the liver or blood. Some parasites produce enzymes that degrade antibodies, while others reduce the activity of immune cells. To overcome these strategies, it is necessary to develop drugs that target these enzymes and altered surface proteins and apply them. Vaccines to stimulate the immune system and the use of inhibitors of immune masking pathways, in addition to relying on modern techniques such as gene therapy to combat the adaptation strategies used by parasites to survive within the host.

Keywords: adaptation strategies, parasites, host, coping mechanisms, pharmacological interventions, immunity, research review.

ملخص

تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد استراتيجيات التكيف التي تستخدمها الطفيليات للبقاء على قيد الحياة داخل المضيييييييف، وتلييييييييت امليات التي تعتمد عليها للت الطفيليات للتهر م الجهاز المناعي للمضي ي ييف م جهة، ومقاومة المضي ي يادات الحيلية م جهة خر كما تهدف الدراسييييية إلى اقترا ر ق للتغلب على للت االسي ي يت ارتيجيات والتفاعوت الدوا ية و البيلللجية المقترحة ويتم ذلك باسييييتخداه منهجية تعتمد على مراجعة األد يات للدراسيييات واألبحاث السيييييييابقة، وخاويييييييية تلك الملحلقة والخالية م التحيز ئي البيانات و النتا و شيييييارت النتا إلى وجلد عدة اسيييييتراتيجيات للتكيف مع المضييييييف، بما ئي ذلك تغيير البروتينات السييييييطحية للتهر م التعرف المناعي، باإلييييييييائة إلى إئراز جزي ات ت بي المنياعية واالختبياء داخيل الخوويا و األنسييييييييييجية المحميية م يل الكبيد و اليده تنت بع الطفيليات إنزيمات تحلل األجسيياه المضييادة، ينما وقلل البع امخر م نشييا الخووا المناعية وللتغلب على للت االسي يت ارتيجيات، م الضي يرورو تطلير دوية تسيي يتهدف للت اإلنزيميات والبروتينيات السييييييييييطحيية المتغيرة وتطبيقهيا وتطلير لقياحيات لتحفيز الجهياز المناعي واستخداه م بطات مسارات إخفاء المناعة، باإليائة إلى االعتماد على التقنيات الحدي ة م ل العوج الجيني لمكائحة اسيييييييييتراتيجيات التكيف التي تسيييييييييتخدمها الطفيليات للبقاء على قيد الحياة داخل المضيف الكلمات المفتاحية: استراتيجيات التكيف، الطفيليات، المضيف، آليات التأقلم، التدخوت الدوا ية، المناعة، مراجعة األبحاث

In this study, we numerically investigate two significant medical models, Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) and Blood Ethanol Concentration (BEC) models-both formulated using Caputo-fractional derivatives. We develop and apply the Modified Fractional Euler Method (MFEM) for their solution, with a specific focus on error analysis. Comparative studies with the classical Runge-Kutta fourth-order method (RK4M) demonstrate that MFEM provides a computationally efficient and accurate alternative for solving such systems. The major features of the given procedure are its ease of application to this type of problem and other systems in various fields, in addition to the absence of numerical errors accumulating. Finally, we can control the increase in the convergence rate and the stability of the simulation process. The convergence examination and error estimation for the suggested scheme are also included. The importance of this study also lies in its contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of these two models in their fractional form. In addition, those numerical investigations demonstrate how control parameters affect specific components within these models.