In higher education, assessment is a fundamental in measuring students’ 

learning and supporting teaching. The assessment of students’ English as a 

Foreign Language (EFL) writing can help in identifying students’ learning needs, 

progress and teaching. A number of studies have been conducted on 

assessment in the Libyan context; however, these studies have focussed on 

other aspects of EFL teaching and learning and not EFL writing assessment. 

The study, therefore, explores the assessment methods that EFL tutors use in 

assessing their students’ written work. It also aims to examine the factors that 

affect tutors’ choices of assessment methods and identify how students 

perceive the assessment methods concerning the process and product with 

relation to tutors’ thinking.  

To understand this topic from diverse perceptions, questionnaires were distributed to 12 tutors and 207 4th year students, and semi-structured 

interviews were conducted with the sample of 12 tutors and six students 

(purposive sampling). SPSS software was adopted as a means for 

questionnaire analysis, while grounded theory was selected to analyse the 

interview data.  

Both data collection instruments provide a range of interesting findings as tutors 

have experience in summative and formative assessment whereas self and 

peer assessment are not performed by all students. However, there are several 

factors that have a potential effect on the use of a variety of methods of 

assessment. Both tutors and student participants believe that summative 

assessment is a traditional method which has little effect on EFL writing skills. 

ii 

Concerning the process and product of assessment, students have a deficiency 

of receiving assessment criteria while tutors’ feedback is valued by all students 

and also grades are perceived as the main product of assessment by all 

participants. Further results indicate that all students agree that they have a lack 

of involvement in discussion group-assessment, feedback, criteria, standards, 

learning goals, self-grading and peer-grading. This is due to several factors that 

limited students being involved in such concepts in relation to assessment. For 

example, Libyan tutors still view assessment as being under their control, which 

restricted the opportunity for students to be involved in assessment. The key 

finding is the relationship between criteria, feedback and grades, as an 

example, without known criteria the students do not know what is being 

assessed, and the feedback is too broad because it covers every aspect of 

assessment.  

Therefore, a contribution to knowledge is made by adding and expanding the 

current body of knowledge about assessment methods used in the Libyan EFL 

context. This study is important because it offers critical interpretations of what 

methods are used to assess students’ written work in terms of the process and 

product, and the knowledge gained from this study could be used to improve 

the effectiveness and efficiency of assessment methods not only in the Libyan 

context but also other second language users (L2) learning context. 

الوصف

In this study, 6-(5-bromothiohen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (BDPC) powder was synthesized. BDPC powder showed a polycrystalline structure, whereas the thermally evaporated films had an amorphous structure. The optical parameters such as absorption coefficient and refractive index were calculated in the spectral range 200–500 nm. Spectral distribution analysis of the absorption coefficient revealed that the films had an indirect band transitions with energy gaps of 2.57 eV and 3.5 eV. According to the single oscillator model, the oscillation energy, dispersion energy, and dielectric constant were estimated. The room-temperature current–voltage characteristics of the fabricated Au/BDPC/p-Si/Al heterojunction showed diode-like behavior. The ideality factor, the barrier height and series resistance were determined based on thermionic emission theory and

Abstract — Big Data refers to data volumes in the range of Exabyte (1018) and beyond. Such volumes exceed the capacity of current on-line storage and processing systems. With characteristics like volume, velocity and variety big data throws challenges to the traditional IT establishments. Computer assisted innovation, real time data analytics, customer-centric business intelligence, industry wide decision making and transparency are possible advantages, to mention few, of Big Data. There are many issues with Big Data that warrant quality assessment methods. The issues are pertaining to storage and transport, management, and processing. This paper throws light into the present state of quality issues related to Big Data. It provides valuable insights that can be used to leverage Big Data science activities.

Keywords —Big Data, Quality assessment, stream processing, survey, Big Data frameworks.

Objective

To clone cytochrome P450 from Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and determine the characteristics using bioinformatics tools.

Methods

Cytochrome P450 of Ae. aegypti was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. Evolutionary relationship of the sequence was inferred and bioinformatics tools were used to predict subcellular localisation, signal peptide, transmembrane helix, phosphorylation, O-glycosylation, secondary and tertiary structures of the deduced protein.

Results

Polymerase chain reaction rather amplified a cytochrome P450 pseudogene which was named CYP4H44P (GenBank accession number KF779932). The pseudogene has 1 537 nucleotides and an open reading frame of 335 amino acids containing cytochrome P450 motifs except the WxxxR motif. It is highly homologous to CYP4H28 and CYP4H28v2. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary divergence showe

Abstract

Nowadays, the information system methodology is lifeblood of any successful project. The success is based on the quality of information and its technology over the globe. This could rely on the development and operation of computer based systems. To assure that you achieved the goal, there should be a perfect and ideal selection of the methodology, and quite simply it matches your needs. However, there should be some researchers have been written about NIMSAD, SSADM and ETHICS and with no doubt much will be written in the future. The purpose of this paper is to conducting a comparison between two methodologies effectively. Besides, the implementation of NIMSAD framework will take an integral part in this paper. Consequently, the implementation will illustrate the strength and weakness points of both methodologies. Eight principals' steps of NIMSAD will be examined to demonstrate various aspects of EHTICS and SSADM methodologies. This, however, will help to ensure the efficient performance which is the main goal of this work.

ملخص هدفت هذه الدراسة و انحصرت المشكلة في معرفة كيفية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة داخل مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية التعليمي وكيف إدارة الجودة الشاملة تؤثر علي تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية و علي المعوقات التي تواجه تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية و ما الحلول االستراتيجية الالزمة التطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية التعليمي. مجتمع وعينة الدراسة: عينة مختارة من اإلداريين ورؤساء األقسام في مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية في مدينة ماالنج – إندونيسيا. منهجية البحث: كانت باتباع أسلوب المنهج الوصفي وفي نوعه الوصفي الكيفي، وأدوات جمع البيانات هي المقابلة واالطالع على الوثائق، وفي تحليل البيانات اعتمد الباحث على أسلوب المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بخطوات محددة. وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من النتائج من أهمها: أ. المستشفى المبحوث يتولى أهمية لتطبيق مبادئ إدارة الجودة الشاملة داخل مستشفى الجامعة المحمدية. ب. لتركز على التحسين المستمر للخدمات من خالل مساهمة الموظفين والعاملين في خطط وأنشطة التحسين المستمر. ج. تؤثر إدارة الجودة الشاملة علي تحسين الخدمات الصحية في تشجيع اإلدارة العاملين على تقديم اقترحتهم بشكل أفضل في تحسين الخدمات الصحية داخل المستشفى وتنظيم برامج تدريبية داخل المستشفى. د. المعوقات هي قصور ثقافة إدارة الجودة الشاملة لدي الرؤساء والمرؤوسين وضعف تنفيذ البرامج التدريبية والدورات التوعوية داخل مستشفيي المحمدية. ه. االستراتيجية الالزمة هي العمل الجاد على نشر ثقافة تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة والتوعية بمزاءيها بين جميع العاملين. وأوصت الدراسة: ضرورة إيمان اإلدارة العليا للمستشفى بأهمية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة، ونشر ثقافة الجودة على العاملين. واالستعانة بخبرات وكفاءات في إدارة الجودة الشاملة التحسين الخدمات داخل المؤسسة الصحية. اعتماد وعقد دورات تدريبة العاملين داخل المؤسسة وتأهليهم في مجال إدارة الجودة الشاملة، وتوفير بعثات لهم لي الخارج وهذا من اجل رفع الكفاءة اعتماد وعقد دورات تدريبة العاملين داخل المؤسسة وتأهليهم في مجال إدارة الجودة الشاملة، وتوفير بعثات لهم لي الخارج وهذا من اجل رفع الكفاءة. الكلمات المفتاحية: كيفية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة، تحسين الخدمات الصحية، المستشفى المحمدية التعليمي

Abstract. Synthetic insecticides and other xenobiotic compounds are usually used to abate the effects of insect pests/vectors of agricultural and medical importance by adversely affecting the insects. The xenobiotics are also capable of inducing the expression of detoxification genes such as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene in targeted insects like mosquitoes (Feyereisen, 2012). The high expression levels of CYPs in insecticide-resistant and exposed mosquitoes have been linked with a potential role in xenobiotic resistance. This study investigated the induction potential of leaf litter infusions and insecticides on the expressions of CYP4H28v2 and CYP4H31v2 in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti using Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Exposure of Ae. aegypti larvae to leaf litter infusions demonstrated that CYP4H28v2 and CYP4H31v2 were significantly induced by Lagerstroemia speciosa but not Ficus benjamina, Plumeria obtusa, Millettia pinnata and Pithecellobium dulce. None of the genes was significantly highly expressed in adult females exposed to d-allethrin and d-trans allethrin products. CYP4H28v2 was significantly induced in Ae. aegypti exposed to DDT, malathion and permethrin for both 5 and 10 min. DDT, malathion and permethrin significantly induced CYP4H31v2 only in Ae. aegypti exposed to the insecticides for 10 min. Exposure to the insecticides for 5 min displayed different levels of CYP4H31v2 expression with significantly higher (DDT-exposed) and lower (permethrin-exposed) levels in the mosquito. The results show that natural and synthetic xenobiotics can induce significant expression of CYP4H28v2 and CYP4H31v2 in the mosquito, indicating the potential role of the genes in mediating xenobiotic resistance. This may enhance the survival capabilities of the mosquito when in contact with phytotoxins of leaf litter in their natural ecosystem and synthetic insecticides in adulticide spray regimens.