Malaysia is a country of numerous natural wonders, which include a collection of impressive cave formations. Found all over the country, these caves contain rock art and wall paintings. The samples were collected from wall surfaces painted caves of Niah, Sarawak, and Tempurung, Perak. Three cyanobacterial genera, have been characterized using a polyphasic approach by comparing phenotypic characteristics, using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular characteristics, by confirmed their identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The microflora from both sampling locations was represented by three cyanobacteria morphospecies, Synechococcus sp. (18.78%), Gloeocapsa sp. (12.20%), Chroococcus sp. (4.94%). The photomicrographs of all the dominant microalgae recorded. Synechococcus sp. a cylindrical oblong elliptical unicellular or sometimes 2 to 4 cells as a result of cell division. Under SEM Synechococcus sp. cells were cylindrical to oblong 2.6 μm in diameter and 3.8μm long. The cells were enclosed in hyaline mucilage and with cells usually aggregating in large numbers to form colonies. Gloeocapsa sp. cells were spherical, blue- green homogeneous contents, enclosed by wide colorless sheaths, of diameter 2-4μm, with sheaths 4-8μm. Chloroococcus sp. cells were spherical, sometimes hemispherical after division, united cell in colonies of two sheath, sheath is colorless and the individual cells were large; 20-28μm in diameter. According to DNA sequence analysis, cyanobacteria l was closely related to Synechococcus sp, (99% similarity), cyanobacteria ll was found to be similar to Gloeocapsa sp. (97% similarity) and cyanobacteria lll was Chroococcus sp. (95% similarity). This study, used chemicals agents to control cyanobacteria from both sampling locations, by (NaOCl), (Ca(OCl)2) and (H₂O₂). The result showed that, 5% H₂O₂, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl gave a significant difference (p˂0.05) on the growth of cyanobacteria. However, the effect of 15% H₂O₂ was not significantly different (p˃0.05) with Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl at 10, 15, and 30 minutes exposure, only 5 minutes exposure was significant (p˂0.05)

 Background: Caves are unique natural features and habitats where specialized organisms grow. One of the world’s main concerns is that of the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage, including rock art and wall

paintings within caves.

Methods: This study was conducted by collecting the samples scraped from wall surfaces at 19 different location in painted caves of Niah cave, Sarawak, and Tempurung cave, Perak. Morphospecies identification and genomic DNA polymorphisms were used to identify the two strains of bacteria. The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca (OCl) 2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).

Results: Morphospecies identification was carried out using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both the bacteria, bacteria I and bacteria II were isolated from the soil samples and were Gram-negative bacteria. Based on BLAST search, bacteria I showed 100% with Stenotrophomonas sp (NR 024708.1), and bacteria II showed 100% with Cryptococcus liquefaciens (NR 043289. 1). The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca (OCl) 2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The laboratory studies showed that three chemical were effectively eliminated colonies/cells of the both bacteria compared to the colonies found on the control pate this stud

Abstract. The growth of lampenflora detracts the natural beauty of cave walls, and threatens their archaeological value.

This is a real problem in Malaysian caves, therefore, an attempt should be made to eliminate these unwanted microorganisms. Ultraviolet light destroys harmful microbes such as bacteria, yeast. molds, viruses and algae, and ultraviolet radiation is less toxic to cave dwellers such as birds, reptiles and visitors. So ultraviolet radiation can be a way to control microorganisms or reduce their numbers. In this study. we studied the effect of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms isolated from selected Malaysian caves to control and eliminate them AlterS minutes exposure, 254mm UV-C effectively eliminated colonies of Pseudomonas aerginosa and Stenotrophomonas sp. But P. guilliermondi and

R. dairenensis were eliminated to the zero after 30 mivutes of treatment, but C. Liquefaciens needed 60 minutes to be treated. Synechochococcus sp and Micractinium sp. fell to zero after exposure to 240 of UV-C