Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the impact of supervisory behaviour on organisational commitment in Libyan Government Institutions through the mediation role of organisational justice. The population of the study is managers and employees in the capital of Tripoli and the western part of Libya. The sample size was 302, selected randomly. This study used oriented supervisory behaviour, supportive supervisory behaviour, participatory supervisory behaviour, and supervision behaviour directed at achievement as independent variables. The mediating variable is organisational justice, and the dependent variable is organisational commitment.

Results: The result confirmed a significant impact of the independent variables on organisational commitment. For the mediation effect, organisational justice mediates the relationship between supervisory behaviour, participatory supervisory behaviour, supervisory behaviour, and organisational commitment. In contrast, no significant mediation was found between supervision behaviour directed at achievement and organisational commitment.

The current research was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of 100% Saussurea lappa roots’ ethanol extract compared to paracetamol through carrageenan induced hind paw edema model with using of ibuprofen 40 mg/kg as a positive control. Prior to testing, it was important to check the acute toxicity effects of the plant, thus the evaluation test processed by the fixed-dose procedure (FDP). Statistical analysis was attempted to check the mean differences via one-way ANOVA, at that point followed by post-Tukey and Dunnett two-sided tests. The FDP test revealed that extract was safe for additional in-vivo testing, and it was classified as category 5/unclassified on globally harmonized system (GHS) for the classification of chemicals which cause acute toxicity. The extract showed a significant antiphlogistic potential of 15.11% at 500 mg/kg compared to 13.23% of paracetamol 100 mg/kg at P< 0.01. It is assumed that the fundamentally mindful phytoconstituents to share this impact are sesquiterpene lactones (costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone), in which numerous examinations uncovered that these mixtures which found in numerous plants have a powerful anti-inflammatory activity.

Long time ago, phytotherapy constitutes a major health practice all over the world. Many medicinal plants such as Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) has wide beneficial roles. This study was contrived to explore the antiphlogistic effect of S. lappa roots extract treated by 100% ethanol solvent. Carrageenan induced paw edema model was used to carry out the experiment on laboratory Wistar albino rats. Before testing extract on animals, it was necessary to check the safety of the plant according to performed testing conditions albeit S. lappa is generally recognized as safe plant, hence the acute oral toxicity test by the fixed-dose procedure method (FDP) was performed. Roots’ ethanol extract tested at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), ibuprofen used as a positive control, and negative control was distilled water. SPSS statistical analysis was undertaken to check the variance between tested groups via one-way analysis of variance, then pursued by Tukey and Dunnett two-sided tests. FDP experiment disclosed that extract was safe for further in-vivo testing for the dose up to 2000 mg/kg < LD50 < 5000 mg/kg, without reporting of any toxicity signs. The extract manifested a significant (P < 0.05 - 0.01) anti-inflammatory effects at both tested doses. The ethanol extract exposed a clear decrease in edema size by a percentage of 13.73 % at 200 mg/kg dose when compared to that of standard agent which minimized edema by 22.79 %. It is presumed that plant roots contain phytoconstituents that are responsible to share this effect like sesquiterpene lactones (dehydrocostus lactone and cynaropicrin mainly), in which many researches revealed that such compounds which found in many other plants have a potent anti-inflammatory action.

The current study was designed to investigate both central and peripheral analgesic activities of crude extract of roots of Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) plant at 100% ethanol concentration. These activities were processed and evaluated through Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid induced-writhing methods, respectively, on laboratory Swiss albino mice. Reference positive control used was paracetamol, and negative control was distilled water, and statistical analysis done by SPSS version 25 to test one-way ANOVA for group mean differences, followed by Tukey and Dunnett two-sided post-hoc tests. Before the mentioned assessment, an acute oral toxicity test by a fixed-dose procedure method (FDP) was taken to check the safety of the plant. This plant was safe under experimentation, and it exerted significant (P < 0.01) analgesic effects at a dose of 500mg/kg. The crude extract revealed a noticeable increase of latency time to thermal pain stimuli when compared to paracetamol positive control at 100mg/kg concentration by 36.42%, and it reduced the number of writhing contractions by 21.73% when compared even to the positive control. It is presumed that S. lappa contains particular phytoconstituents that are responsible for presenting these effects. In both applied tests, S. lappa proved that it could be used as a safe, powerful analgesic treatment.

The emergence and evolution of superbugs is among the greatest challenges to public health worldwide

recently. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics considered as one of greatest hits of this century. There are

different antibiotic resistant strains that range for infection from mild to severe cases and tonsillitis

is one among of many bacterial diseases that have high incidence globally. Half of tonsillitis cases are

bacterial and those mainly caused by group-A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) bacteria which

had developed its resistance against commonly used antibiotics, mainly penicillin and macrolids.

Currently, however, there are considerable attempts to tackle the issue despite they are still far away

from promised settlement. Focusing on testing and evaluating of herbal therapies will be of great value

in finding of potent alternative medicine to face resistant bacterial infections and to provide sufficient

therapeutic agent to disband the problem. Hence the necessity to develop novel therapeutics to replace

conventional antibiotics will likely play a key role to fix the issue. This article concentrate on review of

ineffective antibiotic therapy including some of its impacts and describes possibility to use Saussurea

lappa (S. Lappa) plant as an effective herbal plant to treat resistant bacterial acute tonsillitis cases.

Hadoop has been developed as a platform solution for processing a large scale of data in parallel for different applications in Cloud com-puting. A Hadoop system can be characterized based on three main factors: cluster, workload, and user. Each of these factors can be described in heterogeneous environment, which reflects the heterogeneity degree of the Hadoop system. This paper investigates the effect of heterogeneity in each of these factors on the performance of Hadoop for different schedulers. Three schedulers which consider differ-ent levels of Hadoop heterogeneity are used for the analysis: FIFO, Fair sharing, and COSHH (Classification and Optimization based Scheduler for Heterogeneous Hadoop). Performance issues are introduced for Hadoop schedulers and comparative performance analysis between different cases of jobs submission. These jobs are processed in heterogeneous data environments and, under fixed or reconfigu-rable slot between map and reduce tasks for Hadoop MapReduce java programming clustering model. The results showed that when assigning tunable knob between map and reduce tasks under certain scheduler like FIFO algorithm, the performance enhanced about 81.42% especially in cases of heterogeneity environment where the workload is decreased significantly and the utilization of computa-tional resources in increased obviously.

Hadoop is a Java-based programming framework that supports the storing and processing of large data sets in a distributed computing environment and it is very much appropriate for high volume of data. It uses HDFS for data storing and uses MapReduce for processing that data. MapReduce is a popular programming model to support data-intensive applications using shared-nothing clusters. The main objective of MapReduce programming model is to parallelize the job execution across multiple nodes for execution. Nowadays, all focus of the researchers and companies toward to Hadoop. Due to this, many scheduling algorithms have been proposed in the past decades. There are three important scheduling issues in MapReduce such as locality, synchronization and fairness. The most common objective of scheduling algorithms is to minimize the completion time of a parallel application and also achieve to these issues. Performance issues are introduced for Hadoop schedulers, and comparative performance analysis between different cases of jobs submission. These jobs are processed in different homogenous data environment and, under fixed or reconfigurable slot between map and reduce tasks for Hadoop MapReduce java programming clustering model. The results showed that when assigning tunable knob between map and reduce tasks under certain scheduler like FIFO algorithm, the performance enhanced 16.66% in inverted index, 55.55% in word count and 11.76% in classification process.

Consanguinity constitutes one of the major health problems worldwide,

in which consanguineous marriages are associated with an increased risk for

congenital malformations and autosomal recessive diseases. Although the

advancement in modern biomedicine and forensic laboratories techniques continue

to guide scientists to move forward to unravel many life sciences secrets, it is still

ambiguous to investigate the full picture of milk kinship and its related

consanguinity. Theoretically, it is possible to see such consanguinity developed

from early sufficient breast-milk feeding. Thus, scientists should cooperate to

investigate the problem practically to find a proper solution. This review article

focuses on the alleged consanguinity that evolves from milk breastfeeding or

beyond through wet nursing or milk formula feeding. Additionally, this article

proposes the idea of removing milk genetic components to establish a new safe

genetically free formula as a promising solution.

Bacterial infections are one of the most dangerous infections that threaten the existence and continuity of life.

Despite the discovery and manufacturing of effective antibiotics to tackle these menaces, bacteria have developed

resistance against such treatments and transformed into new mutant resistant strains. Bacteriophages, or phages, are

regarded as effective alternative antibacterial agents. Recently, scientists have been taking a closer look at the variety of

different phages that attack bacteria. This review primarily focuses on the potential of phage therapy as an alternative

treatment to overcome a wide spectrum of resistant bacterial infections, as well as current phage therapy advancement. It

also proposes the idea of engineering “broad-spectrum phage” to overcome a wide range of resistant bacterial infections,

and its advantages over antibiotics, individual phage, and phage cocktails.